Hevandro Colonhese Delalibera

Alocação de reserva legal em propriedades rurais: do cartesiano ao holístico

Ao exigir areas de Preservacao Permanente (APP) e Reserva Legal (RL) em todos os imoveis rurais do Brasil, o Codigo Florestal Brasileiro (Lei Federal 4771/1965) se reverte em um dos instrumentos mais importantes com o proposito de mitigar impactos ambientais das atividades agricolas. Como em outros estados, no Parana esta legislacao tambem foi ignorada; para cumprir o disposto no Codigo Florestal e estipular prazo para as adequacoes necessarias, foi instituido o Sistema de Manutencao, Recuperacao e Protecao da Reserva Legal e Areas de Preservacao Permanente - SISLEG (Decreto Estadual 387/1999). Com o objetivo de se analisar essas normativas, elaborou-se um estudo de imovel rural tipico dos Campos Gerais do Parana e, com base em tecnicas de sensoriamento remoto, se definiram as APPs e o montante necessario para compor a RL. Como a legislacao nao especifica criterios objetivos para a localizacao das RLs, duas perspectivas foram avaliadas: a maximizacao do potencial agricola da propriedade e a conservacao da natureza, com base no contexto ambiental e hidrografico no qual o imovel esta inserido. Conclui-se que a legislacao pode contribuir para mitigar impactos nao contemplando, porem, conceitos importantes para o planejamento territorial e conservacao da natureza.

Performance of a diesel engine fueled with a preheated blend of soybean oil and petrodiesel

ABSTRACT : Brazil is doing a major effort to find alternatives to diesel oil as combustible. Some study lines are oriented to the development of vegetable oils used as fuel, as a source of getting cheaper and have higher energy density than the converted vegetable oils, and less risk of environmental contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, the useful life of the lubricant and some components of a Diesel Cycle engine, with an electronic injection system, in a long-term test operating with a preheated blend (65°C) of 50% (v v -1 ) of soybean oil in petrodiesel. There was a reduction of the useful life of the injectors which presented failure because of high wear with 264 hours of operation and showed an increase in emissions of particulate matter (opacity) which may be assigned to the failures occurred in the injection system. An increase in the useful life of the lubricant, when compared with the literature was also observed. The electronic injection system may favor the burning of the tested fuel. The test was interrupted with 264 hours because of failures in the injection system.

Management zones in agriculture acording to the soil and landscape variables

The study of spatial variability of soil and plants attributes, or precision agriculture, a technique that aims the rational use of natural resources, is expanding commercially in Brazil. Nevertheless, there is a lack of mathematical analysis that supports the correlation of these independent variables and their interactions with the productivity, identifying scientific standards technologically applicable. The aim of this study was to identify patterns of soil variability according to the eleven physical and seven chemical indicators in an agricultural area. It was used two multivariate techniques: the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and the principal component analysis (PCA). According to the HCA, the area was divided into five management zones: zone 1 with 2.87ha, zone 2 with 0.8ha, zone 3 with 1.84ha, zone 4 with 1.33ha and zone 5 with 2.76ha. By the PCA, it was identified the most important variables within each zone: V% for the zone 1, CTC in the zone 2, levels of H+Al in the zone 4 and sand content and altitude in the zone 5. The zone 3 was classified as an intermediate zone with characteristics of all others. According to the results it is concluded that it is possible to separate into groups (management zones) samples with the same patterns of variability by the multivariate statistical techniques.

Tamanho de fragmento de silagem de milho conforme matéria seca e regulagens de uma colhedora de forragem

In Brazil, the best results in milk production are found in the state of Parana. Such results are reached through genetic selection of the animals and management of their diets, in which whole plant corn silage is widely used. Aiming the silage quality, it was evaluated the influence of dry matter content of the corn culture as forage and the harvester adjustments on the fragment size of whole plant corn silage. The fragment size of two corn hybrids silage (SPEED and 2B688) was evaluated using a 5x3 factorial, with 4 repetitions. The first factor was the harvest time of the plants (105, 108, 112, 118, and 123 days after sowing (DAS)), which determines the forage dry matter (DM) content. The second factor was the harvester adjustments (2, 6.5 and 11mm of theoretical fragment length (TFL)). The DM content did not affect the average fragment size of 2B688. For SPEED, however, the real fragment size decreased as the maturation of plants increased. The conclusion is that the DM content and harvester adjustments can affect the real fragment sizes, according to different plant genotypes. The alterations of the harvester adjustments resulted in different fragment sizes, however, it were different from those indicated by the manufacturer.

UTILIZAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÕES GEO-REFERENCIADAS SPRING®/INPE NA ANÁLISE DE ÁREAS DE VEGETAÇÃO RIPÁRIA

A expansao das fronteiras agricolas vem provocando prejuizos aos recursos naturais, em especial aos cursos e a qualidade das aguas. A legislacao ambiental vigente (Codigo Florestal, Lei no 4771, de 1965) determina que as margens dos corpos d’agua devem ser protegidas por vegetacao ciliar. Esta atua como filtro e barreira biologica, no controle de nutrientes, poluicao, fluxo d’agua e erosao, alem de contribuir para conservacao da biodiversidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o programa computacional do tipo Sistema de Informacoes Georeferenciadas (SIG) denominado Spring® 3.6.02, desenvolvido e fornecido gratuitamente pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) como base para estudos da vegetacao e cumprimento da legislacao ambiental. O trabalho foi realizado em tres rios no municipio de Castro, Parana. Para tal, utilizaram-se fotografias aereas datadas de 1980 e foram escolhidos locais com modificacoes antropicas: dois no rio Iapo, um no rio Portao Vermelho e outro no rio Maracana. Ferramentas especificas do programa foram utilizadas para a analise proposta. Com checagens em campo observou-se que os locais no rio Iapo apresentavam falta de vegetacao riparia, devido a previa extracao de areia. Os demais locais estavam de acordo com a legislacao. Embora o Spring® apresente forte relacao hierarquica nas operacoes de seu sistema, este se mostrou eficiente para a analise realizada. Palavras-chave: SIG, legislacao ambiental, area de preservacao permanente.