Heyi Wang

Hydrogen production by methane decomposition over Ni–Cu–SiO2 catalysts: effect of temperature on catalyst deactivation

Catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM) is a simple process for the production of high-purity, COX-free (CO or CO2) hydrogen. The CDM is a moderately endothermic reaction, and high temperatures are thermodynamically favorable for achieving high methane conversion. However, Ni–Cu catalysts easily lose their activities at high temperature. To study the effect of temperature on the deactivation of Ni–Cu catalysts, a 65% Ni–15% Cu–SiO2 catalyst was prepared by the heterophase sol–gel method. A series of kinetic experiments (routes I, II, III) were designed to test the catalytic performance and generate by-product carbon structures. The effects of reaction temperature and methane dissociation rate on catalyst deactivation were studied. The phase transition temperature was estimated. Based on the kinetic experiments, TEM images, XRD data, TGA-DSC curves, and TEM-EDX data, a thoroughly deactivation study of the 65% Ni–15% Cu–SiO2 catalyst was carried out. The results of this study proved that high degree of graphitization was the key factor contributing to the deactivation of Ni–Cu catalysts. Fragmentation and phase separation at high temperature were both responsible for carbon atom enrichment and a high degree of graphitization, which in turn caused the 65% Ni–10% Cu–25% SiO2 catalyst to lose activity at high temperature.

Analysis of hydrogen isotopes with quadrupole mass spectrometry

Hydrogen isotope separation is one of the most critical technological problems in nuclear fusion research, and, in order to assess accurately the performance of hydrogen isotope separation, quantitative analysis of hydrogen isotopes takes priority and becomes the first essential problem to be addressed. However, since hydrogen isotopes have almost identical shape, size, and chemical properties, separation and analysis of hydrogen isotopes is really not an easy task. By using the thermal-desorption spectroscopy (TDS) method, a quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) was calibrated for the quantitative analysis of hydrogen isotopes in this paper with a methodic error less than ±3% using titanium hydride and titanium deuteride as the calibration standards. The linear response range of MS was extracted. Deviations that originated from the H+/D+/HD+ species revealing a negligible influence on real H2/D2 mixture analysis were also discussed. Due to the mass discrimination of the ion source and the isotopic fractionation effect of the molecular pump, the actual sensitivity of MS towards H2 and D2 is not the same, revealing some deviation from theoretical results.

Synthesis of Platinum Nanocrystals within Iodine Ions Mediated

A liquid-phase reducing method of synthesizing Pt nanocrystals was demonstrated, and dendrite-, cube-, and cuboctahedron-shaped Pt nanocrystals (NCs) with well-defined monomorphic were successfully synthesized through iodine ions mediated with the CTAB agent. When the KI concentration was increased to thirty times of K2PtCl4 at the nucleation stage, the high-quality Pt nanodendrites could be obtained. However, no matter how many KI were added at the growth age, only cube- and cuboctahedron-shaped Pt nanocrystals formed. The results of high-resolution TEM, EDX, and XRD indicated that the size and shape of Pt NCs could be turned by changing the concentration and time of KI. In the nucleation stage, it might be due to that some iodine ions adsorb on the surfaces of Pt NCs, which probably cause the rapid growth process resulting in the formation of Pt nanodendrites. In the growth stage, although high concentrations of I− ions could contribute to the shape control and generate bigger particles of Pt NCs, small Pt particles do not grow into dendrites. The insight into the role of I− ions in synthesis of Pt NCs reported here provided a viewpoint for clearly understanding the formation mechanism of anisotropic platinum nanostructures.