Hildegard Hedwig Pohl

Uma análise entre índices pressóricos, obesidade e capacidade cardiorrespiratória em escolares

FUNDAMENTO: Durante a infância e adolescencia, o sedentarismo, o excesso de peso e a alimentacao inadequada sao fatores de risco para doencas cronicas, sobretudo obesidade, hipertensao arterial sistemica e diabete melito. A intervencao precoce pode prevenir o desenvolvimento dessas complicacoes. OBJETIVO: Verificar a presenca de fatores de risco cardiovasculares (obesidade e hipertensao arterial) e suas possiveis interacoes com a capacidade cardiorrespiratoria. Metodos: Estudo transversal composto de amostra estratificada por conglomerados, de 1.666 escolares, com idades entre 7 e 17 anos, 873 (52,4%) do sexo masculino e 793 (47,6%) do sexo feminino. Avaliaram-se as pressoes arteriais sistolica (PAS) e diastolica (PAD), indice de massa corporal (IMC), percentual de gordura (%G) e capacidade cardiorrespiratoria. Ainda, PAS e PAD foram correlacionadas com circunferencia da cintura (CC), relacao cintura-quadril (RCQ), somatorio de dobras cutâneas (ΣDC) e capacidade cardiorrespiratoria. RESULTADOS: A avaliacao do IMC dos escolares evidenciou 26,7% de sobrepeso ou obesidade e 35,9% com o percentual de gordura acima de moderadamente alto. Com relacao aos niveis pressoricos, encontraram-se 13,9% e 12,1% de escolares limitrofes e hipertensos, para PAS e PAD, respectivamente. Houve associacao entre hipertensao, obesidade e capacidade cardiorrespiratoria. Observou-se correlacao significativa em relacao a PAS e PAD, para todas as variaveis analisadas, apresentando, ainda, uma relacao fraca a moderada com as variaveis idade, peso, estatura, IMC e circunferencia da cintura. CONCLUSAO: A presenca da hipertensao arterial associada a obesidade e seu reflexo na capacidade cardiorrespiratoria reforcam a importância de se propor, ja na infância, um estilo de vida mais ativo e saudavel.

Obesidade e hipertensão arterial em escolares de Santa Cruz do Sul - RS, Brasil

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a prevalencia de obesidade e hipertensao arterial em escolares de Santa Cruz do Sul – RS, Brasil, nos periodos de 2005 e 2008. Metodo Estudo com duas medidas transversais consecutivas, composto de amostra estratificada por conglomerados, totalizando 414 escolares, com idades entre 7 e 17 anos, 215 (51,9%) do sexo masculino, e 199 (48,1%) do sexo feminino. Foi avaliada a obesidade atraves do indice de massa corporea (IMC) e percentual de gordura (%G). A hipertensao foi ponderada pelos valores de pressoes arteriais, tanto sistolica (PAS) quanto diastolica (PAD). Resultados A avaliacao do IMC evidenciou 18,6% e 22,3% de excesso de peso nos meninos (2005 e 2008, respectivamente), enquanto nas meninas estes indices foram de 22,6% e 14,6%. Em relacao a obesidade, a prevalencia foi de 4,7% em ambos os anos para os meninos, e reducao de 12,6% para 9,0% nas meninas, quando comparados os dois anos. Quando analisada a diferenca entre as avaliacoes, houve significância na classificacao do IMC (pxa0=xa00,022) e %G (pxa0=xa00,017) somente no sexo feminino. Alteracoes estatisticamente significativas para a alteracao da PAS foram encontradas somente no sexo masculino (pxa0 Conclusao Os niveis de excesso de peso, obesidade e percentual de gordura em meninas, bem como o aumento dos niveis tensionais de pressao arterial sistolica em meninos, evidenciam a necessidade de intervencao precoce atraves de campanhas de saude publica mais eficazes.

Estilo de vida: lazer e atividades lúdico-desportivas de escolares de Santa Cruz do Sul

Este estudo descritivo objetiva caracterizar o perfil do estilo de vida dos escolares de Santa Cruz do Sul- RS, nos aspectos: praticas de lazer em casa e fora dela e atividades ludico-desportivas, estratificados por sexo e regiao (centro, periferia e rural). Sao sujeitos deste estudo 2486 escolares do sexo masculino e feminino, com sete a 17 anos de idade, do centro, da periferia e do meio rural, sendo, na coleta de dados, utilizado o EVIA (estilo de vida). O nivel socioeconomico predominante esta na classe B e C. Os resultados revelam que os meninos (84,3%) praticam mais atividades desportivas que as meninas (72%). Na zona rural, o indice de pratica e maior (86,7%), seguindo-se o centro (78,9%) e a periferia (73,1%). As atividades de lazer predominantes em casa sao ver TV (centro e periferia), conversar/brincar com amigos (centro) e escutar musica (periferia e rural). Fora de casa, as principais atividades de lazer sao conversar/brincar com amigos (em todas as regioes), passear de carro (centro), jogar futebol (periferia e rural), andar de bicicleta (rural) e passear a pe (periferia). No esporte praticado (sexo masculino), predomina o futebol, principalmente na zona rural, seguido do basquete (centro), e entre as meninas, volei (centro e periferia) e futebol (rural). Conclui-se pelo estudo que os habitos estudados, tanto na zona rural, quanto urbana, sao pouco diversificados em relacao ao universo de todos os conteudos culturais do lazer. Conclui-se, tambem, que, em grande parte, os escolares sao sedentarios, principalmente os do sexo feminino, favorecendo o aparecimento de fatores de risco as doencas cardiovasculares, o que deve merecer a atencao da Educacao Fisica na escola e do poder publico, com oferta de mais espacos e atividades fisicas e esportivas de lazer.

Cardiovascular risk in rural workers and its relation with body mass index

Objective Evaluate the propensity of cardiovascular risk in rural workers and, through the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), relate this risk with the classification of Body Mass Index (BMI). Subjects and methods This study is characterized as descriptive and exploratory, with the participation of 138 subjects, ranging between 25-73 years old. Clinical and laboratory analysis of the risk factors contained in the FRS were performed, in addition to the determination of BMI, blood pressure, smoking and physical inactivity. Results The procedures indicated a low risk of a coronary event in 10 years with 70.3% of the population. In contrast, 88.4% of the subjects were overweight. It was evidenced a risk improvement as the BMI increased, since 96.4% of high-risk cases were overweight or obese. Conclusion Results suggest larger prevalence of intermediary or high FRS for women with higher BMI, which was not observed in men.

Artigo originalObesidade e hipertensão arterial em escolares de Santa Cruz do Sul – RS, BrasilObesity and arterial hypertension in schoolchildren from Santa Cruz do Sul – RS, Brazil

OBJECTIVEnTo verify the prevalence of obesity and hypertension in schoolchildren from Santa Cruz do Sul - RS, Brazil, in 2005 and 2008.nnnMETHODnThe study was performed with two consecutive cross-sectional measurements, consisting of a stratified cluster sample, totaling 414 students, aged between 7 and 17 years, of which 215 (51.9%) were males and 199 (48.1%) were females. Obesity was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (%BF). Hypertension was measured by blood pressure values, both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP).nnnRESULTSnBMI assessment showed 18.6% and 22.3% of excess weight in males and 22.6% and 14.6% in females (in 2005 and 2008, respectively). Regarding obesity, the prevalence was 4.7% in both years for males and a reduction from 12.6% to 9.0% was observed in females. When analyzing the difference between assessments, there was significance in the BMI classification (p = 0.022) and %BF (p = 0.017) only in females. Statistically significant changes in SBP were found only in males (p < 0.001).nnnCONCLUSIONnThe levels of excess weight, obesity, and %BF in females, as well as the increased levels of systolic blood pressure in males, demonstrate the need for early intervention through more effective public health campaigns.

Ergonomics: The Contribution of Movement at Work:

This work has as central objective to tell the results of actions of laborer gymnastic developed in the Simon Braun company, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil. Implanted in september/97 and implemented along the last eighteen months, the gymnastics makes part of the project “Ergonomics: a multidisciplinary vision“, that contemplates several actions that seek life quality and health at work. In the implementation, the methodology used, after detailed study about the company and of its culture, consisted of interview, sensitize lectures, questionnaires, lifestyle and systematic observation of work positions. The subjects were all the collaborators of the company above mentioned. After interview with responsible professionals of production area, human resources and administrators of the company, they were lifted up referring data about work process and politics of the company. There were also observed work places, verifying the rhythm of task execution, shifts and workdays. In continuity, sensitize lectures were accomplished with directors, executives, bosses, supervisors and all the collaborators, moment in that they answered questionnaires, objectifying to investigate personal and family aspects, habits and lifestyle, and activities of the daily out of companys atmosphere. The phase of systematic observation, which had as instrument filming the work positions, was followed looking for to investigate movements and postures adopted by the collaborators, as well as, eventual posture alterations. Finished up the diagnosis, broke for sub-project Laborers Gymnastic implantation, whose practice represented a change in the organizational company and it counted with the commitment of all the hierarchical levels and the multidisciplinary team. The activity of laborer gymnastic consisted of lengthening, flexibility, muscular resistance and balance exercises. Among the results there are the largest integration of the group, larger flexibility and coordination, but the most significant was reduction of work accidents, having been registered a period from april/97 to março/98 with no accident occurrence. We concluded highlighting the importance of exercises programs in re-establishment of individuals self-esteem, as well as of behaviors and healthier habits. We stood out, still, that the work atmosphere is a space privileged for promotion actions and health prevention. AREA: Participatory ergonomics TYPE OF TECHNICAL PROPOSALS: case study papers