Hildete Pereira de Melo

A produção científica brasileira no feminino

The growth of scientific production has stimulated studies which analyse the processes of production, diffusion and use of scientific knowledge. Unfortunately, this literature has not been alert to gender issues; it has neglected the fact that men and women have different trajectories, and that to unveil women in the scientific and technological world demands a specific effort. The hypothesis of scientific neutrality effectively equates the unequals regarding access to scientific and technological careers. The present study aims to fill this gap and to analyse, through an activity indicator, the intensity of scientific activity of men and women in Brazil; and, through a collaboration indicator, the existing co-operation between genders in national scientific production.

A industrialização brasileira nos anos de 1950: uma análise da instrução 113 da SUMOC

This article examines Instruction 113 of the Currency and Credit Board (SUMOC), which allowed imports of machinery and equipment to Brazil without exchange cover, in the form of direct foreign investment, beginning in 1955. One of the interpretations of national industrialization establishes that the internationalization of the Brazilian economy occurred in the mid 1950s and the hypothesis of this work is that Instruction 113 was a significant element on this matter. The methodology used to verify this is based on the licenses given by CACEX (the Foreign Trade Department of Bank of Brazil) authorizing the entry of this investment between 1955 and 1963; the analysis was done through the following variables: country of origin, amount invested, economic sectors and main enterprises which received and invested it. A picture is put together, designed to be representative of the direct foreign investment, at a time when Brazil was further industrializing its economy.

Os direitos civis das mulheres casadas no Brasil entre 1916 e 1962: ou como são feitas as leis

A historiografia sobre transformacoes culturais associa modificacoes no modelo de familia a mudancas economicas de ordem estrutural, tal como industrializacao e crescimento da populacao urbana. A sociedade brasileira mudou radicalmente da segunda metade do seculo XIX aos anos 1950. Ainda assim, foi preciso um processo de decisao amadurecido no Congresso para ajustar o pais legal ao pais real. Este artigo examina um aspecto dessa separacao: o poder que os maridos detinham como tutores de suas esposas. Em termos metodologicos, sao examinados os debates parlamentares sobre direitos de mulheres casadas em dois momentos historicos: nos anos 1930 e 1950.

Trabalho reprodutivo no Brasil: quem faz?

This paper aims to analyse who are the people who do unpaid tasks for social reproduction, central to reproduction of life and of societal well-being. These jobs are mostly done by women and, since they do not generate income, have reinforced the underestimate womens activities in society. This paper aims to unveil this issue through the analysis of female reproductive work, based on micro-data from PNAD/IBGE. Who are the people doing reproductive work, and how much time they devote to these tasks? Our results indicate that, whether illiterate or college graduates, whatever the type of employment contract they have, whether occupied or out of the labour market, all women take a heavy load in the execution of these tasks.

Raça e Nacionalidade no Mercado de Trabalho Carioca na Primeira República: O Caso da Cervejaria Brahma

This article analyses the job opportunities and the levels of salaries offered to white and black workers in a large industrial enterprise in Rio de Janeiro: the Brahma Brewing Co. It is a case study that attempts to answer to a number of questions on how black and immigrant working forces were inserted in the industrial working market of the Brazilian former federal capital. Taking these as a guide the article is structured in the following way: first of all, there is a discussion of a number of recurrent questions of historiography about the origins of industrial labor market and foreign immigration in First Republic; second, there is a brief summary of the origins and the first three decades of existence of Brahma Brewery; third, the methodological assumptions of data treatment are exposed, so that, in the fourth place, the profile of the companys labors is analyzed by using the indicators of nationality, skin color, educational level, job and wage levels. Finally, indicators were analyzed in order to identify possible discriminations among workers due to race or nationality. An unexpected finding was the presence of discrimination against Brazilians, but not against African-Brazilians as such.

Negócios portugueses no Rio de Janeiro: um estudo sobre o Banco Português do Brasil (1918 a 1938)

Este estudo explora a rede de negocios formada a partir do Banco Portugues do Brasil, constituido no Rio de Janeiro por integrantes da comunidade de imigrantes portugueses residentes na cidade. As atividades do banco sao observadas por 20 anos, periodo no qual a economia da cidade sofreu expressivas mudancas, pois os negocios de importacao, articulados em torno do porto, deram lugar a investimentos voltados para o mercado interno. O estudo explora, tambem, as conexoes entre grupos empresariais do Rio de Janeiro e de Lisboa, buscando mostrar a importância do capital levantado em empreendimentos no Brasil para a sustentacao de negocios em Portugal.

Mercado de Trabalho e a Previdência Social – um olhar feminista

O objetivo deste trabalho e analisar numa abordagem da economiafeminista a Previdencia Social brasileira. A hipotese do trabalho e que a desigualdadeexistente entre os sexos no mercado de trabalho permanece na inatividadedos individuos. De acordo com esta abordagem estas diferencas combinamdiversos tipos de discriminacao, tais como economicas, culturais, sociais, raciaise de genero. Uma analise descritiva desta discriminacao e feita neste artigopara avaliar as diferencas da insercao feminina e masculina no mundo trabalhoe no sistema previdenciario, baseado nas informacoes das PNADs do IBGE edo Ministerio da Previdencia Social. Estes dados permitem tracar um perfil degenero das pessoas ocupadas e dos aposentados/pensionistas e avaliar de formaatuarial os valores recebidos por ambos os sexos. Conclui-se que as mulheressao quem menos usufruem os resultados praticos e monetarios recebidos pelotrabalho produtivo, bem como pelas tarefas que reproduzem a vida (trabalhoreprodutivo). Pois a segmentacao do mercado de trabalho reflete-se no fato deque a maioria dos beneficios recebidos pelas mulheres seja por aposentadoriasou pensoes se concentram em rendimentos de baixo valor, e em media sao 39%inferiores aos valores recebidos pelos homens.