Hinna Hamid

Two New Compounds from the Galls of Quercus infectoria. with Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Inhibiting Ability

Abstract Two compounds isolated from the ethanol extract of the galls of Quercus infectoria. Olivier exhibited nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide inhibiting activity. Their structures were established as ellagic acid-4-O.-[β.-D-glucopyranosyl]-10-O.-[β.-D-glucopyranosyl]-(4 → 1)-β.-D-rhamnopyranoside (1) and 2-methyl-3-hydroxymethylene-4,5,6,7,8-pentahydroxynaphthalene (2) on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.

Trapa natans L. root extract suppresses hyperglycemic and hepatotoxic effects in STZ-induced diabetic rat model.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCEnTrapa natans L. has a folkloric reputation as nutrient, appetizer and astringent. Its utility as antidiabetic, anticancer, diuretic, aphrodisiac, antidiarrhoeal and in many other maladies is well reported in the literature. Therefore, the present study has been carried out to study the antihyperglycemic effect of root extract of Trapa natans L. and its various fractions. Furthermore, hepatotoxic effects and lipid peroxidation risks have also been evaluated.nnnMETHODSnThe ethanol extract and its successive fractions obtained from roots of Trapa natans have been administered in sucrose loaded and STZ- induced diabetic Wistar rats at doses of 50, 100 and 200mg/kg b.w. Glibenclamide was used as positive control. The evaluation of protective effects of extract as well as fractions against hepatotoxicity and lipid peroxidation at 600mg/kg b.w. has also been carried out.nnnRESULTSnThe methanol fraction emerged as the most potent antihyperglycemic fraction. It has also been found that the ethanolic extract as well as its fractions did not cause any lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity risks.nnnCONCLUSIONnIt can be concluded that the intense investigations of the methanol fraction obtained from Trapa natans root extract can be done to provide an alternative natural therapy for hyperglycemia.

Two new bioactive oleanane triterpene glycosides from Terminalia arjuna

Two new oleanane-type triterpene glycosides designated as Termiarjunoside I and Termiarjunoside II were isolated from stem bark of Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae) and characterized as olean-1α,3β,9α,22α-tetraol-12-en-28-oic acid-3β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and olean-3α,5α,25-triol-12-en-23,28-dioic acid-3α-D-glucopyranoside (2) based on chemical and spectral data evidences. Both compounds 1 and 2 potently suppressed the release of nitric oxide and superoxide from macrophages and also inhibited aggregation of platelets.

Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Uraria lagopoides

Anti-inflammatory activity of alcohol and aqueous extract of aerial parts of Uraria lagopoides was determined in the rat paw edema test. At doses of 100 and 200u2009mg/kg, oral, the extract inhibited edema significantly (p < 0.01) compared with indomethacin (20u2009mg/kg). It also showed marked analgesic activity in mice (p < 0.01), compared with acetylsalicylic acid (100u2009mg/kg) in acetic acid-induced writhing test.

Synthesis of some new s-alkylated 1,2,4-triazoles, their mannich bases and their biological activities.

A series of 1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐[5‐{(biphenyl‐4‐yloxy)methyl}4‐(substituted phenyl)‐3‐mercapto‐(4H)‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ylthio)] ethanones (6a–6s) and 4‐(substituted phenyl)‐3‐(morpholin/pyrrolidin‐4‐ylmethylthio)‐5‐(4‐phenylphenoxymethyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazoles (7a–7e) were synthesized in order to obtain new compounds with potent anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activity with insignificant ulceration. Among the synthesized compounds, (6c), (6e), (6g) and (6l) from triazole series and (7b) and (7e) from Mannich base series were found to exhibit significant anti‐inflammatory activity with 59.69, 59.69, 64.69, 79.84, 54.54, 79.69% and 52.55, 57.50, 72.52, 83.03, 60.06, 84.08% inhibition of paw edema at 3u2009h and 5u2009h respectively, in comparison to the standard drug ibuprofen (78.93 and 82.58% at 3u2009h and 5u2009h). The active compounds were further tested for their analgesic activity and gastric ulceration study. Compounds 6g, 7b and 7e exhibited significant analgesic activity with reaction time (3.60, 3.22, 3.88u2009s) respectively at 60u2009min. without causing any gastric irritation. These compounds were also screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity, Compounds 6f, 6g, 6h, 6l, 6o, 6p, 7a, 7b and 7c showed significant zone of inhibition against various antimicrobial stains. It is concluded that the compounds 6g, 7b and 7e possess a good spectrum of activities. Compound 7e may be considered potent for development of better anti‐inflammatory agent. The antimicrobial activity revealed that most of the compounds showed moderate to significant activity. Compounds containing nitro, chloro, bromo and fluoro group showing better activity. All the compounds from 7a, 7b and 7e were active against gram positive bacteria (S. aureus).

Ameliorative effects of Trichosanthes dioica Extract in suppressing inflammatory mediators and attenuating oxidative stress.

The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Trichosanthes dioica and its successive fractions. The effect on oxidative stress involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation was evaluated. The ethanolic extract and its successive fractions were administered at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg b.u200aw. for testing their anti-inflammatory activity by a carrageenan-induced edema model. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited significant potency against inflammation. Pertaining to mechanistic insight, the anti-inflammatory effect might be attributed to the attenuation in tumor necrosis factor-α level (ELISA assay) and reduced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear transcription factor-κB (immunohistochemistry). The alleviation in oxidative stress has been pertinent to the elevation in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione) by active fractions. Furthermore, the ulcerogenic effect was insignificant even at a three times higher dose. Finally, it was concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction which showed significant biological potential against inflammation and oxidative stress could be viewed as a source of effective treatment.