Network


Latest external collaboration on country level. Dive into details by clicking on the dots.

Hotspot


Dive into the research topics where Hiroaki Tonami is active.

Publication


Featured researches published by Hiroaki Tonami.


Colloid and Polymer Science | 1967

Crystallization of polyethylene under molecular orientation

Masatoshi Iguchi; Hiroaki Tonami; Toru Kawai

SummaryIn order to know the mechanism of crystallization under molecular orientation, a systematical study has been made on the isothermal crystallization of slightly crosslinked polyethylene films stretched to various extents in the molten state. Crystallization kinetics have been studied by measuring the changes in volume and tensile stress during crystallization, keeping the length of the film constant. The resultant texture has been examined by X-ray diffractions at wide and small angles and by electronmicroscopy. The stress relaxation in the molten state was remarkable and the results were not reproducible. However, reproducible results were obtained by conditioning the specimens mechanically in the molten state. It was found that in all the cases studied under various conditions the crystals formed were lamellar, the lamellae were developed perpendicularly to the stretched direction and piled up in parallel with the stretched direction, irrespectively of the draw ratio. The molecular tilt from the stretched direction, i. e., from the normal to the lamellar surface, changes continuously from ca. 70° (the so calleda-axis orientation) to 0° (thec-axis orientation) as the draw ratio is increased. The tendency to thec-axis orientation is facilitated by irradiating at higher doses, by extracting free branched chains from the whole polymer and by giving no mechanical conditioning prior to crystallization. The measurement of tensile stress reveals that the stress decreases in the initial stage of crystallization and turns to rise at a certain time depending on the degree of orientation prior to crystallization. The dilatometry shows that the initial stage of crystallization is remarkably facilitated by molecular orientation in the molten state but the later stage of crystallization is protracted by the molecular orientation. In the initial stage theAvramis equation is applicable withn=1 and the later stage can be expressed by the same relation as that given for the process called “secondary crystallization” in the case of crystallization from the isotropic state. A mechanism underlying this sort of crystallization was proposed in the light of the results obtained on the crystallization kinetics and the resultant textures, which seems to afford a possible interpretation on the essential feature of the chain folding on crystallization of polymers.ZusammenfassungUm den Kristallisationsmechanismus unter molekularer Orientierung kennenzulernen, wurde an schwach vernetzten Polyäthylenfilmen, im geschmolzenen Zustand verschieden weit verstreckt, die isotherme Kristallisation untersucht. Die Kristallisationskinetik wurde durch Messung der Volumänderungen und der Zugkraft während der Kristallisation verfolgt, wobei die Länge konstant gehalten wurde. Die Textur wurde durch Weit- und Kleinwinkeldiagramme sowie elektronenmikroskopisch erfaßt. Die Spannungsrelaxation im geschmolzenen Zustand war bemerkenswert, die Werte nicht reproduzierbar. Jedoch ließen sich reproduzierbare Ergebnisse erzielen durch Konditionierung der Proben im geschmolzenen Zustand. In allen unter verschiedensten Bedingungen untersuchten Fällen bildeten sich Lamellenkristalle, die Lamellen senkrecht zur Streckrichtung und aufgeordnet in Säulen parallel zur Streckrichtung, unabhängig vom Verstreckungsverhältnis. Die Neigung der Molekülketten zur Streckrichtung, d. h. zur Normalen der Lamellen-oberfläche, änderte sich kontinuierlich von etwa 70° (sogenanntea-Achsen-Orientierung) bis 0° (c-Achsen-Orientierung) mit steigendem Verstreckungsverhältnis. Die Tendenz zurc-Achsen-Orientierung wird durch Bestrahlung mit höheren Dosen erleichtert, ebenso bei Extraktion freier verzweigter Ketten aus dem Polymeren und bei Unterlassung der mechanischen Konditionierung vor dem Kristallisieren.Die Messung der Zugspannung zeigt, daß die Spannung im Anfang der Kristallisation abnimmt, doch nach einer gewissen Zeit, abhängig vom Grad der Orientierung zu steigen beginnt. Die Dilatometrie zeigt, daß in Anfangsstadien die Kristallisation durch Molekül-Orientierung im geschmolzenen Zustand wesentlich erleichtert wird, in späteren Stadien aber gehemmt wird. Im Anfangsstadium gilt dieAvrami-Gleichung mitn=1, während die späteren Stadien in derselben Weise beschrieben werden können wie sogenannte “sekundäre Kristallisation” bei dem Kristallisieren im isotropen Zustand. Ein Mechanismus dieser Art Kristallisation wird auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Kinetik und der Texturen vorgeschlagen, der eine mögliche Interpretation für den wesentlichen Zug der Kettenfaltung beim Kristallisieren Polymerer zu geben scheint.


Journal of Chromatography A | 1974

Gas—liquid chromatographic behaviour of n-trifluoroacetyl n-butyl esters of various s-substituted cysteines

Munenori Sakamoto; Koh Ichi Kajiyama; Hiroaki Tonami

Abstract The gas—liquid chromatographic behaviour of four S-n-alkyl-, three S-ω-carboxyalkyl- and S- ′ p -aminoethylcysteines, lanthionine, cystine. S,S′-methylene- and S,S′-ethylenebiscysteines, and some homocysteine analogues, as their N-trifluoroacetyl n-butyl esters, was studied on columns of OV-17 and Dexsil 300 GC and compared with the behaviour of similar non-sulphur-containing amino acids. The retention indices and some other parameters are discussed in relation to the structure of the amino acids. Relative molar responses were determined and an empirical additive method for calculating relative molar responses from the structural feature is described.


Textile Research Journal | 1975

Determination of Lanthionine and Lysinoalanine as N-Trifluoroacetyl n-Butyl Esters by Gas-Liquid Chromatography:

Munenori Sakamoto; Koh-Ichi Kajiyama; Takuma Teshirogi; Hiroaki Tonami

A gas-liquid chromatographic method was explored for the analysis of lanthionine and lysinoalanine as well as lysine, cystine, and S-carboxyethylcysteine in chemically modified wool samples. The amino acids in the wool hydrolyzate were converted to n-butyl esters of N-trifluoroacetyl derivatives according to the method of Gehrke et al. The retention indices of the five amino acids mentioned above as well as other protein amino acids such as proline, phenytalanine, histidine (as mono and diacyl derivatives), tyrosine, arginine, and tryptophane were determined on OV-17 and Dexsil 300 GC. It was found that Dexsil 300 GC was suitable for the intended analysis with n-butyl stearate as an internal standard. The molar responses of these amino acids were determined.


Nippon Kagaku Kaishi | 1969

Ultraviolet Stability of Cotton after Treatment with Terephthaloyl Monochloride Phenylester

Hiroaki Tonami; Harue Watamoto; Maung Kyaw Myint

木綿に対し耐洗たく性のすぐれた紫外線劣化防止処理をうる目的で,セルロースと反応性を有する紫外線吸収剤として,テレフタル酸ジクロリドとフェノールからテレフタル酸クロリドモノフェニルェステルを合成し,これを木綿と反応させ,その紫外線劣化防止効果を研究した。この反応性紫外線吸収剤は一端の酸クロリドによってセルロ一スのOH基と反応し,またフェニルェステル部分は紫外線照射によって繊維上でフリース転位をおこし,オルトヒドロキシベンゾフェノン構造に変化することによって紫外線吸収能を高め,すぐれた紫外線劣化防止効果がえられることがわかった。


Sen-i Gakkaishi | 1978

SYNTHESES AND REACTIONS OF AMINODEOXYCELLULOSES

Takuma Teshirogi; Hideo Yamamoto; Munenori Sakamoto; Hiroaki Tonami


Sen-i Gakkaishi | 1979

SYNTHESIS OF 6-AMINO-6-DEOXYCELLULOSE

Takuma Teshirogi; Hideo Yamamoto; Munenori Sakamoto; Hiroaki Tonami


Sen-i Gakkaishi | 1980

PREPARATION OF SULFATED AMINODEOXYCELLULOSES

Takuma Teshirogi; Hideo Yamamoto; Munenori Sakamoto; Hiroaki Tonami


Journal of Applied Polymer Science | 1970

Reversible crosslinking in cellulose. II. Mono‐and bifunctional reactions of bis‐β‐isocyanatoethyl disulfide with cotton

Munenori Sakamoto; Junichi Takeda; Yoshio Yamada; Hiroaki Tonami


Sen-i Gakkaishi | 1979

SYNTHESES OF MONO- AND DI-AMINATED STARCHES

Takuma Teshirogi; Hideo Yamamoto; Munenori Sakamoto; Hiroaki Tonami


Nippon Kagaku Kaishi | 1971

Ultraviolet Stability of Cotoon and Nylon by Grafting with p-Benzoxystyrene

Hiroaki Tonami; Harue Watamoto; Sadasivan Chidambaram

Collaboration


Dive into the Hiroaki Tonami's collaboration.

Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Munenori Sakamoto

Tokyo Institute of Technology

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Takuma Teshirogi

Tokyo Institute of Technology

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Yoshio Yamada

Tokyo Institute of Technology

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Hideo Yamamoto

Tokyo Institute of Technology

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Koh-Ichi Kajiyama

Tokyo Institute of Technology

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Noboru Yamazaki

Tokyo Institute of Technology

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Nobuko Ojima

Tokyo Institute of Technology

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Shin'nosuke Miyauchi

Tokyo Institute of Technology

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Tetsuya Sakai

Tokyo Institute of Technology

View shared research outputs
Researchain Logo
Decentralizing Knowledge