Hiroaki Yamamoto

Comparison of the risk of adverse events between risperidone and haloperidol in delirium patients

Abstractu2003 The aim of this study was to determine the risk of adverse events for risperidone and haloperidol in delirium patients. The authors conducted a retrospective study with medical records of 266 Japanese delirium inpatients who were referred to them between July 2001 and May 2005. Information on gender, age, delirium, drug therapy, adverse events, death, and other relevant factors was collected and analyzed for each patient. As a primary antipsychotic drug for the treatment of delirium, risperidone was used in 93 patients; oral haloperidol was used in 95; and intravenous or intramuscular haloperidol was used in 61. The incidence of adverse events was 6.5% for risperidone, 31.4% for oral haloperidol, and 32.8% for haloperidol injection. The incidence of death during delirium was 3.2% for risperidone, 2.1% for oral haloperidol, and 13.1% for haloperidol injection. The incidence of death within 1u2003year after the onset of delirium was 30.1% for risperidone, 29.5% for oral haloperidol, and 45.9% for haloperidol injection. Between risperidone, oral haloperidol, and intravenous or intramuscular haloperidol the incidence of adverse events was significantly lowest for risperidone, and the incidence of death during delirium was significantly highest for intravenous or intramuscular haloperidol. The use of haloperidol as a first‐line drug in delirium patients who can receive the drug orally will not contribute to the establishment of drug therapy for delirium based on risk‐benefit assessment of the therapy.

The relationship between patient characteristics and psychiatric day care outcomes in schizophrenic patients

Aim:u2002 A retrospective study was conducted to assess the relationship between patient characteristics and psychiatric day care outcomes in 430 Japanese schizophrenic patients.

Histopathological observation of joint lesions of extremities in mice transfered genome

Pathological examination of arthritic lesions in transgenic mice produced by the pX region of the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) was carried out. Clinically, erythema, swelling and/or ataxia of the limb joints were observed in many transgenic mice about 1 month-old. Histopathologically, proliferation of synovial lining cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells with lymphoid structures and formation of pannus with cartilage and/or subchondral bone destructions were observed in various joints of transgenic mice. The frequency of abnormalities in the joints was higher in females than in males. These histopathological findings were very similar to those of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Present results indicate that the pX genome of the HTLV-1 is an etiological agent for the incidence of arthritic lesions in the transgenic mice.

Immunohistochemical expression of monoclonal antibodies (epi-1 and myo-1) derived from human breast cancer against rat mammary tumors

Immunohistochemical expression of monoclonal antibodies epi-1 and myo-1 derived from human breast cancer cell line (HBC-4W) was examined for DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors. Antibody epi-1 reacted with luminal epithelial cells while antibody myo-1 reacted with myoepithelial cells of the mammary glands in rats, respectively. The reactions with both antibodies were markedly visible, in particular, in the normal mammary gland, tumor-like lesions and benign epithelial mammary tumors in rats, which showed clear two-cell-type structures. Among malignant mammary tumors, adenocarcinoma was strongly positive with antibodies epi-1 and myo-1. However, squamous cell carcinoma and adenoacanthoma mainly reacted with antibody epi-1. On the other hand, the intercellular matrices of pleomorphic cell sarcoma and stromal areas of the normal mammary gland or epithelial tumors were positive with antibody myo-1.

Allotransplantation of a spontaneous malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the ddY mouse

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) developed spontaneously in the subcutaneous tissue of the hind leg of a 7-month-old female ddY mouse. Histologically, an original tumor was composed of an admixture of fibroblast-like and histiocyte-like cells arranged in predominantly storiform or cartwheel pattern. The tumor was serially transplanted into syngeneic mice up to the 70th generation. Moreover, the tumor was also consistently transplanted into allogeneic mice of several inbred strains. Allogeneic mice used in the present study were 7 strains having the different H-2 haplo-types. During succeeding passages, transplanted tumor pieces showed aberrant growth properties. Histopathological features of these tumors were basically similar to original tumors. As mentioned above, a spontaneous MFH in the ddY mouse was consistently transplantable into both syngeneic and allogeneic mice. The tumor was designated S-MFH-1T.