Hiroatsu Fukuda

Study of Air-Conditioning Load: Comparison of Steel and RC Residence Units

Abstract Recently, the fight against global warming is becoming increasingly important. Being major energy consumers, air-conditioning (AC) loads are gaining importance. Therefore, the effects of heat insulation methods and AC usage patterns on AC loads should be verified before a building is constructed. This paper examines the AC loads of two typical residential units of steel (S) and reinforced concrete (RC). To compare and analyze these cases, THERB, software for dynamic simulation of the thermal environment of residential buildings, is employed to simulate the loads. Three common patterns based on the lifestyle in Japan are applied in this study to show that different family makeup can lead to varying AC loads. Further, two RC units (exterior wall insulated on the inside/outside) and one S unit (exterior wall insulated on the inside) are studied. The results reveal that the high heat capacity of concrete influences the living environment and causes differences between the RC and S units. The AC load of an RC unit with an exterior wall that is insulated on the inside is lower than that of a unit with an exterior wall that is insulated on the outside and is almost equal to that of the S unit.

Performance Evaluation of Residences by Dynamic Simulation: Heat Load Based on Changing the Location, Plan and Specification of Residences

Abstract The Japanese residential energy saving standard for new house generation was modified in 1999, in which ″specification standards″ were provided as decision criteria for designers. However, there are several methods for lowering the energy consumption of houses which are not evaluated by these standards. In this paper, we predict the change in heating and cooling load by difference of location, planning and specification of a model house, which are not evaluated by ″the specification standards″. We then examine the effectiveness of passive energy methods which are also not considered by the standard.

Public Housing in Bandung an Assessment and Approaches through Urban Physics

High density of population and vertical buildings seems to be the only aspect fit to the concept for city in the developing country. The vertical housings then become a matter of necessity in high density area, in which the building groups themselves significantly contribute to microclimate at urban scales. This study is going to give descriptions of outdoor thermal comfort of public housing in Bandung by means its correlation between urban forms and mean radiant temperature. A number of simulations have used ENVI-met to reveal a better urban form which addresses the role of urban physics in the study of outdoor thermal comfort in a hot humid climate area.

A Study on the Land Use Change in Kurosaki and A Proposal of an Urban Biotope Network

abstract In the pre-Industrial Period the Kitakyushu City had a rich natural environment. Due to industrial developments, the expansion of the residential and industrial area has caused severe destruction of this natural environment. Several natural areas are still left in the urban area. Above of that in the last 25 years the population has decreased and the city area has sprawled further. In this research, the change of land use in the Kurosaki Sub center in the Kitakyushu Industrial Belt in Japan has been investigated. Furthermore, a proposal has been made for the development of an urban biotope network in the Kurosaki Sub center.

Public Flat in Indonesia, Their Role in Highly Densed City: Legal Aspect Review and Prototype Assessment

An affordable vertical house, which is known as rusun in Indonesian term becomes the utopia of a compact city. The rusun to be the main actor contributing to the creation of liveable comfort in dense areas by relocating squatters and slum inhabitants to better living places. Technical guidelines and building standards play a major role in a buildings environmental impact. These standards will be reviewed based on their impact on building performance. There are two prototypes of rusun referenced in 05/PRT/M/2007, and the assessment of these prototypes has been done by using ENVi-met. The meteorological data for the ENVI-met configuration input is adapted to the same weather and climate conditions taken from the data measured on June 13th, 2012. The analysis of this assessment will focus on building orientation, building length, building height, and also the microclimate which is impacted by these prototypes. Based on the assessment, it is recommended that the layout of outdoor space on the north side should provide as much green coverage as possible, either for shadowing or for the benefit of its albedo. The simulation shows that building ratio of 1:3 produces higher wind speed, which also controls air temperature and humidity.

The effectiveness of the parametric design ‘Sudare’ blind as external shading for energy efficiency and visibility quality in Jakarta

ABSTRACT Recently, Jakarta has implemented a new standard for new building construction to reduce the energy consumption of office buildings. This has to meet the minimum overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) of 35 watt/m2. In tropical countries, the most effective passive design strategy method is the use of shading devices. Dense shading will more effectively reduce energy consumption but will reduce visibility through the opening. Sudare is a traditional Japanese blind made from bamboo.Its original function was to prevent direct solar radiation and introduce natural ventilation. The characteristic Sudare form makes it possible to see through to objects outside the house. The aim of this research is to identify an alternate mode of façade configuration using external horizontal blinds based on the Sudare form to meet the minimum standard of Indonesian National Standard (SNI), with greater efficiency in terms of thermal energy use to minimize energy consumption and maintain visual comfort. Ladybug and Honeybee inside the Grasshopper plugin of Rhinoceros 3D with the Energy plus engine will be used to simulate a standard building as baseline performance, and buildings that use different Sudare dimensions and spacers as shading devices parametrically. Based on this study, the optimum form of Sudare blind, with a diameter of 10.01 mm and 5 mm spacers, has achieved a 5% reduction in OTTV and a 6% reduction in thermal energy use, as compared to the baseline building. It also gives better uniformity of daylight distribution, which improves visual performance and comfort.

Study on the Development Process of One Bright Both Sides Dark Type Houses in China

abstract The aim of this paper is to clarify the historical origin of the One Bright Both Sides Dark type of house which has odd-spans frontage and is considered as the typical and traditional unit of the planning composition of Siheyuan houses, and presents a new interpretation of the connection with the typical One Hall Two Insides type in Han dynasty. Further more, the authors attempt to clarify the appearance and development of One Bright Both Sides Dark type houses of China.

The Necessity for “Two Step Separation” to Recycle Construction and Demolition Waste

Abstract Construction and demolition waste amounts to 20% of all the industrial waste in Japan and it accounts for more than 70% of all illegal dumping. One of the reasons is that the spread of so called ‘mince demolition’ using construction machinery and consequently a lot of mixed construction waste which is difficult to separate is discharged. Here we present the idea of Two Step Separation of construction waste and demonstrate its efficiency is adopted for the all construction waste in Fukuoka prefecture as case study.