Hiroshi Esaki

The impact of residential broadband traffic on Japanese ISP backbones

This paper investigates the effects of the rapidly-growing residential broadband traffic on commercial ISP backbone networks. We collected month-long aggregated traffic logs for different traffic groups from seven major ISPs in Japan in order to analyze the macro-level impact of residential broad-band traffic. These traffic groups are carefully selected to be summable, and not to count the same traffic multiple times.Our results show that (1) the aggregated residential broad-band customer traffic in our data exceeds 100Gbps on average. Our data is considered to cover 41% of the total customer traffic in Japan, thus we can estimate that the total residential broadband traffic in Japan is currently about 250Gbps in total. (2) About 70% of the residential broadband traffic is constant all the time. The rest of the traffic has a daily fluctuation pattern with the peak in the evening hours. The behavior of residential broadband traffic deviates considerably from academic or office traffic. (3) The total traffic volume of the residential users is much higher than that of office users, so backbone traffic is dominated by the behavior of the residential user traffic. (4) The traffic volume exchanged through domestic private peering is comparable with the volume exchanged through the major IXes. (5) Within external traffic of ISPs, international traffic is about 23% for inbound and about 17% for outbound. (6) The distribution of the regional broadband traffic is roughly proportional to the regional population.We expect other countries will experience similar traffic patterns as residential broadband access becomes widespread.

Internetworking based on cell switch router-architecture and protocol overview

This paper describes an internetworking architecture and related protocol overview based on routers that have asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cell switching capability in addition to conventional Internet protocol (IP) packet forwarding. The proposed architecture can provide high-throughput and low-latency switched paths for individual application flows or a group of application flows while retaining current router-based internetworking architecture. The proposed router is able to establish the switched path based on the characteristics of flows, e.g., arrival of a data packet with specific upper layer protocols or arrival of more than a certain amount of data packets in a predetermined period, as well as by the reception of an IP-layer resource reservation request, such as resource reservation protocol (RSVP). One important feature that is provided by the proposed router is interoperability with the emerging ATM network platform specified by the ATM Forum and the telecommunications sector of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T). The proposed routers can be interconnected with each other over the point-to-point synchronous optical network link as well as over the ATM network platform, which provides permanent virtual channel, virtual path, or switched virtual channel (SVC) services. That enables network carriers to provide Internet/intranet services as well as others, such as telephony, ATM/time division multiplexing leased line, or native ATM SVC services.

Call admission control method in ATM networks

The objective of call admission control is to keep the network load moderate to achieve a performance objective associated with quality of services. In asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks, the cell loss rate is more sensitive to offered load than the queueing delay. Therefore, call admission control in ATM networks should be cell loss rate sensitive. The author proposes and evaluates a call admission control method which can be applied to the priority control case. The proposed method is suitable for real time operation even in a multimedia case, because the amount of calculation for call admission control is reduced considerably compared to conventional techniques and does not increase in the multimedia case. The method uses a probability density function for the number of cells transferred from multiplexed cells and uses recursive equations in estimating cell loss rate.<<ETX>>

USAGI IPv6 IPsec development for Linux

USAGI project was founded to improve and develop Linux IPv6 stack. We also developed (IPv6) IPsec stack for Linux kernel 2.4 and 2.6 series. We present our (IPv6) IPsec implementation (PE KEY, IPsec security association, security policy, output processing, and input processing) for both 2.4 and 2.6.

Forward error correction control on AAL 5: FEC-SSCS

ATM networks is realized as the future communication platform that accommodate a variety of communication services. A novel cell-level FEC (forward error correction) scheme at SSCS of AAL type 5 for error-free data transmission services is proposed and evaluated. In the proposed cell-level FEC scheme, both the length of user data (e.g. IP packet) and appended redundant data can be modified based on the senders local decision without any end-to-end parameter re-negotiation. The writing and reading order regarding an interleave matrix for the cell-level FEC algorithm are the same, in order to perform pipelining data transmission. The end-to-end data transmission latency and the amount of retransmission packets due to packet error at the receiver entity are evaluated by computer simulation with a correlated cell dropping process. Simulation results show that the benefits of cell-level FEC scheme for the error-free data transmission services, i.e., by use of a cell-level FEC scheme, the amount of retransmitted packets can be reduced, even if the average latency for end-to-end data transmission increases slightly.

Facility Information Management on HBase: Large-Scale Storage for Time-Series Data

A very large number of sensors on facilities such as HVAC, light control systems and electric power meters, periodically submit their status information to Cloud platforms these days. As the amount of data can easily get petabyte scale, we must consider the use of distributed application layer storage for managing such facility information, which is often formatted on time-series data. This paper describes FIAP Storage Peta, petabyte scale storage for facility information access protocol (FIAP), proposing the architecture and the scheme of such data management on HBase. In this work, we have identified three requirements to the design of HBase row keys for implementing this storage using HBase. Though, we have not finished petabyte scale experiments, our preliminary evaluation results have shown good performance for managing large scale facility information. It has achieved scalable data retrieval on the data of 10 million sensors with properly balancing loads on distributed data storages.

Measurement Analysis of the Live E! Sensor Network: Spatial-Temporal Correlations and Data Aggregation

The (Japanese) Live E! project consists of a large sensor network of spatially distributed weather stations measuring different environmental quantities such as temperature, humidity, pressure, etc. Our goal is to conduct the first analysis on this huge data set of the structures of correlations both in time and space observed on data, for given quantity among stations, and for a given station, among sensors. Finally, we investigate a data aggregation algorithm, based on polynomial regression, and we show how it can reduce significatively the overall data traffic.

A simple and effective admission control method for an ATM network

When high bit rate calls are multiplexed with low bit rate calls in an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) fashion, cells for high bit rate calls are more likely to be discarded in succession than cells for low bit rate calls even though the cell loss rate for each call is the same value. The objective of admission control is to keep the network load moderate so as to guarantee the user requirements for communication quality. An admission control must determine in real time whether to accept a call or not when a call set-up request occurs. A novel admission control method which can be applied to the case of fulfilling priority control is proposed and evaluated. This proposed method is suitable for real-time operation, even in a multimedium case, because the amount of calculation for admission control is reduced drastically in multimedium cases using recursive equations in estimating cell loss rate.<<ETX>>

Cell-switch router (CSR): label-switching router supporting standard ATM interfaces

Architecture overview of cell switch router (CSR), that is one of actual implementation using label switching paradigm, and the CSR prototype system supporting standard ATM interfaces are described. CSR can operate both with PVC (permanent virtual connection) and with SVC (switched virtual connection) as the VC for cut-through packet forwarding. CSR contains cell switch fabric and IP packet switch fabric to achieve high throughput IP forwarding. IP packets are forwarded either through a cut-through packet transmission, in which packet are forwarded without reassembling IP packet nor IP header processing, or through a conventional hop-by-hop IP packet forwarding. This paper describes and proposes the mechanism to forward the connectionless IP packet flows at the CSR. A CSR prototype system has developed. The CSR prototype system uses PVC and SVC connections to transfer the IP packets. With the CSR prototype system, we can make sure that CSR system could establish the cut-through packet transmission path between the adjacent node with acceptable establishment delay, that was less than few hundred second. The SVC connections for cut- through packet transmission are established on demand using ATM Forum UNI 3.0 or UNI 3.1.

Measurement and analysis of multimedia application and IPv6 ADSL Internet access network

This paper presents measurements and analysis of broadband Internet access service networks using a highspeed IP meter with a GPS (Global Positioning System) timestamp component. The authors performed measurements of traffic in a commercial IPv6 access service on ADSL (asymmetrical digital subscriber line) as a typical broadband access service network. This paper describes the measurement configuration using the high-speed IP meter and reports asymmetrical characteristics of packet delay on ADSL access networks. It also presents the analysis results of multimedia applications in the Internet, and discusses the quality of service on Internet access service networks.