Hirotsugu Uda

Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated quaterphenyls in cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Female Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with P-KC-400, Y-PCB, PY-PCB or polychlorinated quaterphenyls (PCQ) received a daily dose of 5 mg for 20 weeks, and some monkeys received a daily dose of 10 mg of Y-PCB or 0.5 mg of PCQ. The chemical compositions of the polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) used for the oral administration were as follows: P-KC-400, PCB from which polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDF) have been removed from Kanecklor 400, largely contains tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls and no PCDF. Whereas, Y-PCB and PY-PCB, PCB with constituents similar to PCB ingested by yusho patients, largely contain penta- and hexachlorobiphenyls, in addition, PCDF of 400 ppm was present only in Y-PCB, but not in PY-PCB. There were immunosuppression, enlargement and histopathological changes of the liver (such as interstitial inflammation, and proliferation of epithelial cells of biliary duct, etc.) in the groups fed P-KC-400 and PY-PCB (free of PCDF). In the group fed Y-PCB (with PCDF), there were more apparent decreases in body weight, immunosuppression, fatty liver and histopathological changes than in the groups P-KC-400 and PY-PCB. In addition, there were hair loss, acneform eruptions, edema of the eyelid, congestion and abscess of the Meibomian gland, and cornifications of the skin, characteristic dermatological findings of yusho disease.

Small cell carcinoma of the gall-bladder with intestinal metaplastic epithelium.

A case of small cell carcinoma of the gall‐bladder Is described. lmmunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for chromogranin A, synaptophysin and neuronspecific enolase, which suggests that they derived from neuroendocrine cells. The overlying and surroundlng epithelium of the tumor showed intestinal metaplasia including goblet cells, pseudopyloric glands, Paneths cells, and chromogranin A and synaptophysin‐positive endocrine cells. Definite adenocarcinoma was absent. The endocrine cells in the epithellum were more numerous In the vicinity of the tumor. The present case supports the supposition that endocrine cell tumor (including small cell carcinoma) of the gall‐bladder may develop from endocrine cells of the intestinal metaplastic lesion.

Human papillomavirus not found in squamous and large cell lung carcinomas by polymerase chain reaction.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified not only in anogenital carcinomas, but also in malignancies of other organs, including bronchogenic carcinomas. Previous studies reporting detection of these viruses in lung cancers used mainly in situ hybridization. The authors applied the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for investigating the occurrence of HPV in bronchial neoplasms. METHODS: Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues of 40 squamous and 7 large cell lung cancers were examined. PCR was done with consensus primers, capable of detecting HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 52b, and 58. RESULTS: None of the 47 samples contained any of the examined HPV types. CONCLUSIONS: Because the squamous and large cell cancer cases were found not to be associated with HPV infection, this study does not support the potential role of these viruses in the development of lung cancers.

Pigmented squamous cell carcinoma of the alveolar ridge in the oral mucosa

The clinical and morphologic features of a pigmented squamous cell carcinoma of the alveolar ridge in an 81-year-old Japanese woman are reported. The tumor was typical, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma but had many melanin-containing cells within it. Electron microscopy showed melanosomes in macrophages, melanocytes, and neoplastic squamous cells. Those in the neoplastic squamous cells seemed to have been excreted from the cytoplasmic processes of melanocytes.

Malignant Plasmacytoid Myoepithelioma of the Palate: Histological Observations Compared to Benign Predominant Plasmacytoid Myoepithelial Cells in Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Palate

Predominant benign plasmacytoid myoepithelial cells in pleomorphic adenoma and malignant plasmacytoid myoepithelioma cells were investigated morphologically. The cells of both tumors were plasmacytoid in appearance and sheet-like. Immunohistochemically, they were positive for keratin, vimentin, and S-100 protein, and negative for alpha-smooth muscle actin. In the malignant cells, large nuclei with irregular nuclear membranes and distinct nucleoi and occasional intranuclear inclusions and nuclear grooves were seen. Ultrastructural findings showed that the benign cells were richer in intermediate filaments and had fewer mitochondria. The intranuclear inclusions and nuclear grooves of the malignant cells were caused by invagination of the irregular nuclear membranes. Taken in their entirety, the above light microscopical nuclear findings may be useful as an adjunct for distinguishing malignant from benign plasmacytoid neoplastic myoepithelial cells of the salivary gland.

Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the stomach: Experience of 11 cases and its clinical analysis

Summary1)During the last 10 years, 11 cases of primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the stomach’were operated on.2)Histologically, the specimens from the stomach showed adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation in all the cases.3)All the patients but 1 were males and their average age was 61.2 years.4)The duration of illness prior to treatment was relatively long period of time and the chief complaints in over half of the patients were abdominal pain.5)Eight cases showed metastases at the time of operation. Metastasis to the regional lymph nodes was observed in 8 cases and the squamous element was present in 5 of these cases.6)There was no operative death. Followup study was made in 9 cases. Only 2 are still alive and the remaining 7 died of recurrence. The length of survival averaged 10.7 months.

A Light and Electron Microscopical Study of Membranocystic Lesions in a Case of Lupus Erythematosus Profundus

A light and electron microscopical study on membranocys‐tic lesions (MCL) in a case of lupus erythematosus profundus (LEP) is reported. The patient was a 16 year old female who presented with subcutaneous nodules on both upper arms. The light microscopic features were consistent with LEP, and the result of an immunofluorescence band test supported this diagnosis. A peculiar finding in this case was MCL in the subcutaneous tissue. Ultra‐structurally, these were thin membranes without a tubular structure and tortuous thick membranes composed of minute tubules. The lesions were very similar to the fatty tissue changes in membranous lipodystrophy. On the other hand, the basement membranes of the blood vessels were thickened and multilayered, and the Iumina were narrowed by endothelial swelling and thickening of the vessel wall. Our findings suggest that the MCL in LEP result from circulatory disturbance of the fat tissue.

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. Report of a case with electron microscopic studies.

Electron microscopic examination of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MR) cells is reported. Most of the cells contained numerous dense bodies which seemed to be lysosomes. Complex interdigitations of the membranes of the adjacent MR cells were distinctive findings. Some of the cells contained myelinated dense bodies in the cytoplasm. Histochemically, the cells were strongly positive for acid phosphatase, alpha‐naphthyl butyrate esterase and lysozyme. From these observations, the majority of MR cells appeared to be proliferations of monocyte/macrophage derived cells. In the synovium, these cells resembled type A synovial cells. Other smaller and fewer cells had many rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and these resembled type B synovial cells. In the synovium, MR cells might be formed by proliferation and fusion of synovial cells.

Cytologic studies of cerebrospinal fluid in invasive lobular carcinoma of the bilateral breasts accompanied with carcinomatous meningitis.

浸潤性小葉癌の髄膜転移例を経験したので, その髄液細胞所見を中心に報告した. 患者は32歳の女性で29歳時, 右側乳房腫瘤を指摘されたが放置していた. 1991年2月腹部膨満感を自覚し, 当院を受診する. 両側乳房に不整形の硬い腫瘤を認め, 右側では大胸筋と固定しており皮膚への浸潤を認めた. また, 著明な腹水とともに両側卵巣の腫大がみられ, 4月両側卵巣摘出術を行い, 同時に両側乳房の生検を行った. 両側乳房は浸潤性小葉癌で, 両側卵巣および大綱に転移を認めた. 1991年11月頃より, 頭痛, 嘔吐などの髄膜刺激症状を認めたため, 髄液細胞診を行った. シート状にならぶ小型の腫瘍細胞および対細胞を呈する腫瘍細胞を認めた. またマクロファージ, 悪性細胞ともに風船状, 樹枝状の突起を有していた. 剖検では腫瘍細胞は脊髄くも膜下腔血管周囲に認められた. 下垂体には腫瘍細胞の浸潤を認めたが, 脳実質にはみられなかった.

A case of intracranial chondroid chordoma diagnosed intraoperatively by squash method cytology.

本症例は20歳, 女性で斜台に発生した脊索腫である. 手術時の圧挫細胞診で, 背景は粘液様物質にとみ, 腫瘍細胞は担空胞細胞 (physaliphorous cells) と空胞を有しない上皮性細胞を認め, 一部でlacuna内に存在する核を認め, 軟骨様脊索腫と診断した. ホルマリン固定ヘマトキシリンエオジン標本ではalcian blueに濃染する軟骨様基質を背景に, 脊索腫に特有なphysaliphorous cellsを認め, 明らかなlacunaをもつ軟骨へ分化したものを認めた. 腫瘍細胞は免疫染色法で, NSE, S-100, Keratin, EMA, Vimentinに陽性を示した. 脊索腫は細胞診診断上, 臨床像, 部位, 肉眼所見から困難ではないが, 予後を知るうえで脊索腫を軟骨様, 非軟骨様の2型に分けることは重要である. 本症例では手術時圧挫細胞診がその鑑別に有効であった.