Hitesh Rajput

An Automated Vehicle License Plate Recognition System

License plate recognition is a computer vision method that identifies vehicles from their license plates. The most crucial step of such a system is accurate localization of the plate. The authors propose a system for automatic recognition that has three phases: image capture, plate localization, and license plate number recognition. They tested their methodology on 40 different car models with different types of license plates.

Computing Transition Probability in Markov Chain for Early Prediction of Software Reliability

Early prediction of software reliability provides basis for evaluating potential reliability during early stages of a project. It also assists in evaluating the feasibility of proposed reliability requirements and provides a rational basis for design and allocation decisions. Many researchers have proposed different approaches to predict the software reliability based on a Markov model. The transition probabilities in between the states of the Markov model are input parameters to predict the software reliability. In the existing approaches, these probabilities are either assumed on some knowledge or computed using analytical method, and hence, it does not give accurate predicted reliability figure. Some authors compute them using operational profile data, but that is possible only after the deployment of the software, and this is not early prediction. The work in this paper is devoted to demonstrate the computation of transition probability in the Markov reliability model taking a case study. The proposed approach has been validated on 47 sets of real data. Copyright

Dependability Analysis of Safety Critical Real-Time Systems by Using Petri Nets

The failure of such systems leads to the catastrophic effects, including injury or death to humans, and harm to the environment. Petri nets (PNs) have been widely used for verification and validation of real-time systems. However, the existing approaches do not consider the critical aspects of reliability and safety that include nonliveness, deadlock, stability, and throughput. In this paper, we introduce these as metrics of reliability and safety for safety critical real-time systems. This paper also proposes an innovative methodology for analysis of nonliveness, deadlock, stability, and throughput metrics by linear programming using PN modeling. The application of the proposed techniques has been validated by applying it on four different safety critical systems, running in six nuclear power plants and shown for reactor protection system.

Using Radon Transform to Recognize Skewed Images of Vehicular License Plates

An algorithm that projects image intensity along a radial line oriented at a specific angle enables the recognition of vehicular license plates at odd angles. The algorithm determines orientation angle, rotates the image to a horizontal perspective, and removes image noise from rotation to achieve recognition accuracy as high as 98 percent.

Vehicular License Plate Localization Using Principal Component Analysis

ABSTRACT The need of vehicular license plate recognition system (VLPR) has arisen based on the need to implement traffic control on transportation systems, since early 1970s. Since then, researchers are continuously proposing various approaches and solutions. One of the significant and challenging tasks is to localize the license plate of the moving car. Since the license plate standards are not strictly practiced in world, a large amount of variations are obtained like, size, location, type of font used, background and foreground colour, and so on. The principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the widely used and most successful techniques that have been used in image recognition and compression. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to identify the license plate using PCA.

Safety Analysis of Life Critical Software Systems: a Case Study of Nuclear Power Plant

ABSTRACT Current life-critical system designs fully incorporate digital instrumentation and control systems. Due to safety significance of such systems, these need to be designed carefully to ensure their safety requirements. However, digital systems have some unique characteristics, such as using software, and may have different failure causes and/or modes than the analog systems; hence, their incorporation into life critical systems, safety analysis entails special challenges. The strategy to perform safety analysis using Petri net for full proof design is discussed in this paper. The technique is demonstrated on a safety critical system of nuclear power plant.

Verification of Safety in Safety Critical Computer-Based Systems: A Case Study of Nuclear Power Plant System

Abstract Verification of safety is a key activity in designing safety critical systems. The objective of safety verification is to avoid unacceptable risk of damage to public health or property or physical injury by any means. To ensure the goals of safety, these systems must reach a safe state for the occurrence of any failure. There is a need to verify the design of such systems to identify and overcome the probable risks, if any. This paper presents a case for safety verification of the main steam system of a nuclear reactor. The technique shown is based on Petri nets, to model and analyze the safety critical computer-based systems for safety verification. The paper further argues that the proposed technique is beneficial in improving faulty design.

Fuel Assembly Verification for Safe Operation of Nuclear Power Plants

Abstract Fuel used in nuclear reactors contains fissile material. The fission process releases a huge amount of energy, and hence, the fissioning components must be held in a robust form capable of enduring high operating temperatures and an intense radiation environment. The shape and integrity of the fuel structures must be maintained over a period of several years within the reactor core to prevent the leakage of fission products into the reactor coolant. Further, the fuel rods must be in a nondistorted state for proper alignment in the fuel assembly to ensure proper fuel bundle power distribution. Improper core power distribution can breach the safety and operational limits on fuel and channel powers. The strategy discussed includes the methodology to verify the fuel assembly using image processing techniques. The methodology uses the Radon transform and contains four phases: image reading, preprocessing, Radon transform, and verification. The approach has been validated on 1026 fuel assemblies of a nuclear power plant, for which experimental results are shown.

Improvement of Software Quality Attributes in Object Oriented Analysis and Design Phase Using Goal-Question-Metric Paradigm

In a competitive business landscape, large organizations such as insurance companies and banks are under high pres-sure to innovate, improvise and distinguish their products and services while continuing to reduce the time-to market for new product introductions. Traditional approaches to software reliability modeling for such software are black box-based. Bad structure or model again can lead us to lower down these non functional properties. The basic constructs of the model are objects. We will not deal about the identification of the objects, as may be referred in many books, but how to model those objects. The objective of this paper is to provide a philosophical approach, using Goal-Question-Metric paradigm, to structure or model the identified objects of software system, in better way to improve the quality of the software.