Hiu Ning Chan

Rogue wave modes for the long wave-short wave resonance model

The long wave–short wave resonance model arises physically when the phase velocity of a long wave matches the group velocity of a short wave. It is a system of nonlinear evolution equations solvable by the Hirota bilinear method and also possesses a Lax pair formulation. ‘‘Rogue wave’’ modes, algebraically localized entities in both space and time, are constructed from the breathers by a singular limit involving a ‘‘coalescence’’ of wavenumbers in the long

Rogue waves for a system of coupled derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equations.

Rogue waves (RWs) are unexpectedly strong excitations emerging from an otherwise tranquil background. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), a ubiquitous model with wide applications to fluid mechanics, optics, plasmas, etc., exhibits RWs only in the regime of modulation instability (MI) of the background. For a system of multiple waveguides, the governing coupled NLSEs can produce regimes of MI and RWs, even if each component has dispersion and cubic nonlinearity of opposite signs. A similar effect is demonstrated here for a system of coupled derivative NLSEs (DNLSEs) where the special feature is the nonlinear self-steepening of narrow pulses. More precisely, these additional regimes of MI and RWs for coupled DNLSEs depend on the mismatch in group velocities between the components, and the parameters for cubic nonlinearity and self-steepening. RWs considered in this paper differ from those of the NLSEs in terms of the amplification ratio and criteria of existence. Applications to optics and plasma physics are discussed.

Exact states in waveguides with periodically modulated nonlinearity

We introduce a one-dimensional model based on the nonlinear Schrodinger/Gross-Pitaevskii equation where the local nonlinearity is subject to spatially periodic modulation in terms of the Jacobi dn function, with three free parameters including the period, amplitude, and internal form-factor. An exact periodic solution is found for each set of parameters and, which is more important for physical realizations, we solve the inverse problem and predict the period and amplitude of the modulation that yields a particular exact spatially periodic state. Numerical stability analysis demonstrates that the periodic states become modulationally unstable for large periods, and regain stability in the limit of an infinite period, which corresponds to a bright soliton pinned to a localized nonlinearity-modulation pattern. Exact dark-bright soliton complex in a coupled system with a localized modulation structure is also briefly considered . The system can be realized in planar optical waveguides and cigar-shaped atomic Bose-Einstein condensates.

A system of coupled partial differential equations exhibiting both elevation and depression rogue wave modes

Abstract Analytical solutions are obtained for a coupled system of partial differential equations involving hyperbolic differential operators. Oscillatory states are calculated by the Hirota bilinear transformation. Algebraically localized modes are derived by taking a Taylor expansion. Physically these equations will model the dynamics of water waves, where the dependent variable (typically the displacement of the free surface) can exhibit a sudden deviation from an otherwise tranquil background. Such modes are termed ‘rogue waves’ and are associated with ‘extreme and rare events in physics’. Furthermore, elevations, depressions and ‘four-petal’ rogue waves can all be obtained by modifying the input parameters.

The dynamics and evolution of poles and rogue waves for nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Rogue waves are unexpectedly large deviations from equilibrium or otherwise calm positions in physical systems, e.g. hydrodynamic waves and optical beam intensities. The profiles and points of maximum displacements of these rogue waves are correlated with the movement of poles of the exact solutions extended to the complex plane through analytic continuation. Such links are shown to be surprisingly precise for the first order rogue wave of the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) and the derivative NLS equations. A computational study on the second order rogue waves of the NLS equation also displays remarkable agreements.

Modulational Instability and Rogue Waves in Shallow Water Models

It is now well known that the focussing nonlinear Schrodinger equation allows plane waves to be modulationally unstable, and at the same time supports breather solutions which are often invoked as models for rogue waves. This suggests a direct connection between modulation instability and the existence of rogue waves. In this chapter we review this connection for a suite of long wave models, such as the Korteweg-de Vries equation, the extended Korteweg-de Vries (Gardner) equation, often used to describe surface and internal waves in shallow water, a Boussinesq equation and, also a coupled set of Korteweg-de Vries equations.