Ho Jong Jeon

Primary non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma of the breast. An immunohistochemical study of seven patients and literature review of 152 patients with breast lymphoma in Japan.

Background. The breast is rarely primary site for extranodal malignant lymphoma. Most reported primary non‐Hodgkin malignant lymphomas of the breast (PBL) are of B‐cell phenotype.

Direct Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA from a Single Reed-Sternberg Cell of Hodgkin's Disease by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Eleven cases of Hodgkins disease (HD) were examined for the presence of the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) genome, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect EBV DNA in whole paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens and in single cells picked out from the specimens with a micromanipulator. The EBV genome was detected in 5 of the 11 cases by conventional PCR. Single cell PCR demonstrated the EBV genome in Reed‐Sternberg cells from all the EBV‐positive cases, but not from any of the EBV‐negative cases. Background lymphocytes and lysozyme‐positive histiocytes from EBV‐positive cases did not contain the EBV genome. These results indicate an etiological association of EBV with some cases of HD.

Co-expression of CD4 and CD8 associated with elevated interleukin-4 in a cord T cell line derived by cocultivating normal cord leukocytes and an HTLV-II-producing simian leukocyte cell line (Si-IIA)

SummaryA new interleukin-2(IL-2)-dependent T cell line, designated CS-IIA, was established by cocultivating normal human cord leukocytes and a lethally X-irradiated HTLV-II-producing simian leukocyte cell line (Si-IIA). CS-IIA showed CD4 dominance during the early culture. However, after addition of IL-2, CS-IIA predominantly co-expressed CD4 and CD8 (69.5%) and also expressed the surface markers CD1−, CD3+, CD19−, CD25+ and HLA-DR+. A significantly elevated level of IL-4 (1697 pg/ml) was observed in the culture supernatant from CS-IIA. In addition, the conversion of phenotype from some CD4+CD8+ cells to CD4+CD8− was demonstrated by the neutralization assay using anti-IL-4 antibody. CS-IIA had a normal human karyotype and was free from Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen and immunoreactive with sera of HTLV-I- or HTLV-II-infected patients and anti-HTLV-1, p19 or p24 mAb. The provirus genome of HTLV-II was detected in this cell line by the polymerase chain reaction combined with a digoxigenin-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, electron microscopy of CS-IIA cells revealed no C-type virus particles in the extracellular space. These results indicate that HTLV-II can be transmitted from an HTLV-II-infected simian leukocyte cell line to human cord T lymphocytes and suggest that co-expression of CD4 and CD8 on T cells may be induced by the high level of IL-4, which can mediate CD8 induction on CD4+ T cell clones.

Induction of interdigitating reticulum cell-like differentiation in human monocytic leukemia cells by conditioned medium from IL-2-stimulated helper T-cells.

SummaryMonocytic leukemia (MoL) cells were obtained from the peripheral blood of a patient in whom the leukemic cells infiltrating various lymphoreticular organs exhibited features intermediate between interdigitating reticulum cells (IDC) and ordinary phagocytic macrophages, whereas the leukemic cells in the peripheral blood were essentially monocytic and lacked such features. Peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells were established as an interleukin-2-dependent T-cell line. When the MoL cells were exposed for a few days to conditioned medium from the T-cell line, they extended several dendritic cytoplasmic projections and became intensely positive for HLA-DR antigen, cytoplasmic S-100β protein, and CD1 antigen. Functionally, the conditioned medium significantly down-regulated Fc-mediated and Fc-independent phagocytic activities, and the levels of lysosomal enzymes such as lysozyme and nonspecific esterase in the MoL cells. Moreover, the conditioned medium significantly up-regulated the accessory cell function of the MoL cells as measured by the primary allogenic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). Furthermore, the conditioned medium significantly down-regulated the expression of CD14 antigen.Biochemical analysis indicated that the factor responsible for these changes is a protein which is distinct from known human cytokines and whose molecular weight is approximately 31 kDa. These findings suggest that IDC are closely related the monocytic lineage and that helper T-cells play an important role in constructing the microenvironment of T-lymphoid tissues which is necessary for the differentiation and maturation of IDC.

HTLV-II-specific antisera raised in rabbits immunized with a synthetic peptide of HTLV-II envelope protein

SummaryIn order to discriminate HTLV-II from HTLV-I, HTLV-II-specific polyclonal antibodies against a synthetic peptide of HTLV-II envelope sequence were raised in rabbits. We immunized two adult rabbits with a KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 171–196 of the HTLV-II envelope sequence, which is a specific region for HTLV-II as evaluated with an ELISA method. The resulting rabbit antisera to the synthetic peptide reacted with gp46 of HTLV-II lysates in Western blot analysis, but not with that of HTLV-I. Flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemical study revealed that these affinity purified antisera recognized some HTLV-II-producing cell lines examined, but not HTLV-I-producing cell lines or other cell lines uninfected by HTLV. These findings indicate that these antisera specifically recognized the envelope glycoprotein (gp46) of HTLV-II and suggest the specificity of this region in the immune response to HTLV-II. Such antisera are useful in distinguishing between HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection and in determining the presence of individual HTLV-II-infected cells both in vivo and in vitro, including non-lymphoid cells. They may also assist in the elucidation of the pathogenesis of HTLV-II.

Human Helper T Cell Lines Established by Coculture of Normal Human Cord Leukocytes with an HTLV-Il-infected Rabbit Leukocyte Cell Line (Ra-IIA)

Three helper T cell lines, designated CR ‐IIA (CR‐IIA‐1, CR‐IIA‐ 2, and CR‐IIA‐3), were established by coculturing nor mal human cord leukocytes with a lethally irradiated HTLV II (human T lymphotropic virus type II)‐ infected rabbit leukocyte cell line (Ra‐IIA). CR IIA had a normal human karyotype and expressed the surface markers CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(‐), CD19(‐), CD25(+) and HLA‐ DR(+), confirming their helper T cell nature. CR‐ IIA cells were all free of Epstein‐ Barr virus nuclear antigen and were im‐muno reactive with serum samples from HTLV‐ I‐ or HTLV‐Il‐ infected patients and with anti HTLV‐ I, p19 or p24 anti body. The provirus genome of HTLV‐II was detected in these cell lines by the polymerase chain reaction combined with a digoxigenin‐ enzyme‐ linked immunosorbent assay. Electron microscopy of CR‐IIA‐1 cells revealed a few im mature type C virus particles. These results suggest that HTLV‐ II was transmitted from the infected rabbit leukocyte cell line to human cord helper T lymphocytes with the development of immortalized HTLV ‐ II‐ producing T cell lines. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 347–352, 1992.

An immunohistochemical study on HLA-DR expression in human meningiomas

SummaryThe expression of HLA-DR was examined in 38 cases of meningiomas with the streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method using two monoclonal antibodies to HLA-DR (LN-3 and TAL-IB5) on formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. Similar immunoreactivity was obtained with these two monoclonal antibodies. In addition to infiltrated lymphoid cells and perivascular macrophages, tumor cells themselves showed HLA-DR expression in 16 cases (42%) of meningiomas. The rate of HLA-DR-positive cases in the transitional and fibrous subtypes (64% and 67%, respectively) was higher than that in the meningotheliomatous subtype (8%). Spindle-shaped tumor cells were frequently positive for HLA-DR, whereas few of meningotheliomatous cells with plump cytoplasm were positive. Most of HLA-DR-positive cases showed no or scanty lymphoid cell infiltration, and a few cases with marked infiltration of lymphoid cells were variable for HLA-DR expression. These findings suggest little correlation between HLA-DR expression of tumor cells and the degree of lymphoid cell infiltration, but indicate an aberrant HLA-DR expression of tumor cells themselves.

Aberrant expression of the monocyte/macrophage phenotype in a human T cell line immortalized by HTLV‐I and an adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma cell line

An HTLV‐I‐immortalized human T cell line (JP‐2), a N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine‐treated JP‐2 line (JP‐2T), and an adult T cell leukemia cell line (ATL‐1T) were examined morphologically and phenotypically. All of these cell lines expressed some T cell markers, including CD4, and showed rearrangement of T cell receptor (TCR) genes, but they lacked CD3 and TCR antigens and expressed some myelomonocytic markers (CD68, HL‐21, CD15, CD16). JP‐2 cells grew in suspension, but JP‐2T and ATL‐1T cells, which mostly adhered to the surface of culture vessels, showed macrophage‐like morphological features and expressed more monocyte/macrophage markers (lysozyme, α1‐antitrypsin) and fibronectin. ATL‐1T cells transplanted into SCID mice lost the macrophage features. These results suggest that HTLV‐I infected T cells can express some macrophage features and that these cells may provide a model that will be useful in elucidating the phenotypic variability of T cell lymphomas.