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Featured researches published by Holz Fg.


BMC Ophthalmology | 2005

Automated analysis of digital fundus autofluorescence images of geographic atrophy in advanced age-related macular degeneration using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO)

Andreas Deckert; Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg; Jork J. Jorzik; A. Bindewald; Holz Fg; Ulrich Mansmann

BackgroundFundus autofluorescence (AF) imaging using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) provides an accurate delineation of areas of geographic atrophy (GA).Automated computer-assisted methods for detecting and removing interfering vessels are needed to support the GA quantification process in longitudinal studies and in reading centres.MethodsA test tool was implemented that uses region-growing techniques to segment GA areas. An algorithm for illuminating shadows can be used to process low-quality images. Agreement between observers and between three different methods was evaluated by two independent readers in a pilot study. Agreement and objectivity were assessed using the Bland-Altman approach.ResultsThe new method (C) identifies vascular structures that interfere with the delineation of GA. Results are comparable to those of two commonly used procedures (A, B), with a mean difference between C and A of -0.67 mm2 (95% CI [-0.99, -0.36]), between B and A of -0.81 mm2, (95% CI [-1.08, -0.53]), and between C and B of 0.15 mm2 (95% CI [-0.12, 0.41]). Objectivity of a method is quantified by the mean difference between observers: A 0.30 mm2 (95% CI [0.02, 0.57]), B -0.11 mm2 (95% CI [-0.28, 0.10]), and C 0.12 mm2 (95% CI [0.02, 0.22]).ConclusionThe novel procedure is comparable with regard to objectivity and inter-reader agreement to established methods of quantifying GA. It considerably speeds up the lengthy measurement process in AF with well defined GA zones.


Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 2012

A Subgroup of Age-Related Macular Degeneration is Associated With Mono-Allelic Sequence Variants in the ABCA4 Gene

Lars G. Fritsche; Monika Fleckenstein; Britta Fiebig; Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg; Almut Bindewald-Wittich; Claudia N. Keilhauer; Agnes B. Renner; Friederike Mackensen; A. Mößner; Daniel Pauleikhoff; Christine Adrion; Ulrich Mansmann; Hendrik P. N. Scholl; Holz Fg; Bernhard H. F. Weber

Purpose. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a heterogeneous condition of high prevalence and complex etiology involving genetic as well as environmental factors. By fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, AMD can be classified into several distinct phenotypes, with one subgroup characterized by fine granular pattern with peripheral punctate spots (GPS[+]). Some features of GPS[+] overlap with Stargardt disease (STGD1), a recessive macular dystrophy caused by biallelic sequence variants in the ATP-binding cassette transporter 4 (ABCA4) gene. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ABCA4 in GPS[+]. Methods. The ABCA4 gene was sequenced in 25 patients with the GPS[+] phenotype and 29 with geographic atrophy (GA)-AMD but no signs of GPS (GPS[-]). In addition, frequencies of risk-increasing alleles at three known AMD susceptibility loci, including complement factor H (CFH), age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2), and complement component 3 (C3), were evaluated. Results. We demonstrate that GPS[+] is associated significantly with monoallelic ABCA4 sequence variants. Moreover, frequencies of AMD risk-increasing alleles at CFH, ARMS2, and C3 are similar in GPS[+] and STGD1 patients, with risk allele frequencies in both subcategories comparable to population-based control individuals estimated from 3,510 individuals from the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project. Conclusions. Our data suggest that the GPS[+] phenotype is accounted for by monoallelic variants in ABCA4 and unlikely by the well-established AMD risk-increasing alleles at CFH, ARMS2, and C3. These findings provide support for a complex role of ABCA4 in the etiology of a minor proportion of patients with AMD.


Ophthalmologe | 2004

[OCT in age-related macular degeneration. Findings, usage in clinical routine, and assessment of treatment outcome].

Nicole Eter; A. Bindewald; F. Roth; Holz Fg

ZusammenfassungDie optische Kohärenztomographie (OCT) ist ein relativ einfach durchführbares, nichtinvasives Untersuchungsverfahren, das ein zweidimensionales Schnittbild der makulären Netzhaut ermöglicht. Obwohl diese Untersuchungsmethode bei zahlreichen Erkrankungen der Makula zum Teil schon routinemäßig Einsatz findet, ist sie bei altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration (AMD) noch kein Standardverfahren. Mit Hilfe der OCT sind sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Aussagen bei verschiedenen Manifestationsformen der AMD möglich. Die qualitative Auswertung von OCT-Bildern umfasst unter anderem die Beurteilung des Vorhandenseins intra- oder subretinaler extrazellulärer Flüssigkeitsakkumulationen inklusive intraretinaler zystoider Hohlräume, sowie von Pigmentepithelabhebungen und retinalen angiomatösen Proliferationen (RAP). Gerade für die Beurteilung des Effekts therapeutischer Interventionen bei neovaskulärer AMD wird die OCT in der klinischen Routine weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen. Zum Therapiemonitoring neuer therapeutischer Strategien ist sie bereits fester Bestandteil klinischer Studien geworden.AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) represents a fast and noninvasive examination technique that generates two-dimensional sections of the posterior pole in vivo. Although this method is now widely applied in the diagnosis of various heterogeneous macular diseases, its role in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is less well established. OCT allows for quantitative as well as qualitative assessment of various AMD phenotypes. Qualitative assessment comprises the evaluation of intra- or subretinal fluid, intraretinal cystoid spaces, and retinal pigment epithelial detachments. However, together with the clinical findings and fluorescence angiography, it can provide useful additional information including monitoring of treatment effects.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) represents a fast and noninvasive examination technique that generates two-dimensional sections of the posterior pole in vivo. Although this method is now widely applied in the diagnosis of various heterogeneous macular diseases, its role in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is less well established. OCT allows for quantitative as well as qualitative assessment of various AMD phenotypes. Qualitative assessment comprises the evaluation of intra- or subretinal fluid, intraretinal cystoid spaces, and retinal pigment epithelial detachments. However, together with the clinical findings and fluorescence angiography, it can provide useful additional information including monitoring of treatment effects.


Ophthalmologe | 2005

cSLO digital fundus autofluorescence imaging

A. Bindewald; Jork J. Jorzik; F. Roth; Holz Fg

ZusammenfassungHintergrundMittels Fundusautofluoreszenz (FAF) können in vivo Lipofuszinakkumulationen im lysosomalen Kompartiment des einschichtigen retinalen Pigmentepithels (RPE) nichtinvasiv erfasst werden. Hier wurde im Vergleich zum bisherigen System ein weiterentwickeltes konfokales Scanning-Laser-Ophthalmoskop (cSLO) verwendet.MethodeFAF-Bilder wurden mit einem cSLO aufgenommen, bei dem anstelle des Argonlasers ein Festkörperlaser zur Generierung des Exzitationslaserlichts (488xa0nm) zur Anwendung kommt. Die Detektion der FAF erfolgt über einen Sperrfilter oberhalb 500xa0nm.ErgebnisseDas neue cSLO erreicht eine Auflösung von bis zu 5xa0µm/Pixel. Veränderungen der topographischen FAF-Intensitätsverteilung zeigten sich bei verschiedenen retinalen Pathologien inkl. altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration, Makulaödem und genetisch determinierten Retinopathien. Mittels interner Fixationskontrolle, Vergrößerung des Fokusbereichs, verbesserter Optik und neuer Laserquelle ergeben sich Vorteile in der klinischen Anwendung.SchlussfolgerungEine verbesserte Bildqualität für FAF-Aufnahmen mit dem neuen cSLO ist sowohl für die klinische Diagnostik und die präzise Phänotypisierung von Netzhauterkrankungen für wissenschaftliche Fragestellungen als auch für künftiges Therapiemonitoring auf RPE-Zellebene von Bedeutung.AbstractBackgroundFundus autofluorescence (FAF) originates from age- and disease-dependent accumulation of lipofuscin in the lysosomal compartment of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). FAF imaging is a noninvasive method to detect intrinsic RPE fluorescence in vivo. We describe features of a novel confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) for FAF imaging and compare images to the previous cSLO system.MethodsFAF images were obtained with a cSLO using an optically pumped solid state laser (OPSL) instead of an argon laser for generation of excitation light at 488xa0nm. For detection of emitted FAF signals >500xa0nm a barrier filter was used.ResultsThe novel cSLO allows FAF imaging with a resolution of up to 5xa0µm/pixel to delineate normal and pathological features in various retinal pathologies including early-stage and advanced atrophic or neovascular age-related macular degeneration, macular edema, and retinal dystrophies. Further technical improvements include an internal fixation target and an enlarged optical focus adaption range.ConclusionsImproved image quality using the novel cSLO for FAF imaging is of clinical relevance for diagnosis and precise phenotyping of retinal diseases. This method may also be useful to monitor therapeutic effects targeting RPE lipofuscin accumulation as a common pathogenetic pathway in various degenerative and hereditary retinal diseases.


Ophthalmologe | 2005

[Y402H polymorphism in complement factor H and age-related macula degeneration (AMD)].

Hendrik P. N. Scholl; Bernhard H. F. Weber; Markus M. Nöthen; Thomas F. Wienker; Holz Fg

ZusammenfassungDie altersabhängige Makuladegeneration (AMD) ist eine genetisch komplexe Erkrankung. Neuere Untersuchungen legen nahe, dass sie zu mehr als zwei Dritteln auf genetische Ursachen zurückzuführen ist. Umfangreiche molekulargenetische Studien (Kandidatengenanalysen, Kopplungsanalysen und Assoziationsstudien) wurden in den letzten Jahren durchgeführt, um die genetischen Faktoren einer AMD-Prädisposition auf molekularer Ebene zu beschreiben. Kürzlich ist es nun gelungen, im Komplementfaktor-H- (CFH-)Gen ein hochsignifikantes Risikoallel, Y402H, zu identifizieren. Das relative Risiko für die Entwicklung einer AMD wird auf 2,4–4,6 für heterozygote Träger des Risikoallels geschätzt und auf 3,3–7,4 für Homozygote. Dieser Polymorphismus trägt demnach etwa 20–50% zum AMD-Gesamtrisiko bei und erklärt somit einen wesentlichen Teil des genetischen Beitrags. Dieser Übersichtsartikel berichtet über den Stand der genetischen Forschung zur AMD und stellt die neuen Ergebnisse zum CFH-Gen dar.AbstractAge-related macular degeneration is a complex genetic disorder. Recent data suggest that the additive genetic risk for late-stage disease is more than two-thirds. Comprehensive genetic studies (candidate gene approaches, linkage and association studies) have been performed in recent years to identity the genetic risk factors at the molecular lavel. Very recently, a significant risk allele, Y402H, has been discovered in the complement factor H (CFH) gene. The relative risk of developing AMD has been estimated between 2.4–4.6 for heterozygotes and 3.3–7.4 for homozygotes. This polymorphism accounts for approximately 20–50% of the overall risk of developing AMD. In this review the results from molecular genetic studies in AMD are summarized, with a special emphasis on the recent data obtained for the CFH gene.


Ophthalmologe | 2014

Pharmacokinetics of intravitreally administered VEGF inhibitors

Tim U. Krohne; Holz Fg; Carsten H. Meyer

ZusammenfassungHintergrundNeben der topischen, periokulären und systemischen Gabe hat sich die intravitreale Injektion in den letzten Jahren als weiteres Standardverfahren der Medikamentenapplikation in der Augenheilkunde etabliert, insbesondere für die Therapie von Netzhauterkrankungen mit Substanzen zur Hemmung des gefäßendothelialen Wachstumsfaktors („vascular endothelial growth factor“, VEGF).Material und MethodenEs erfolgten eine selektive Literaturrecherche und eine Auswertung eigener Forschungsdaten.ErgebnisseDurch die intravitreale Gabe können hohe Wirkstoffspiegel im Zielgewebe bei gleichzeitig geringerer systemischer Exposition erreicht werden. In Abhängigkeit von Eigenschaften wie Molekulargewicht und Bindungsfähigkeit an den neonatalen Fc-Rezeptor können intravitreal applizierte VEGF-Inhibitoren nennenswerte Unterschiede in ihrer intraokulären und systemischen Pharmakokinetik aufweisen. Zusätzlich kann ihre Pharmakokinetik von Eigenschaften des individuellen Auges wie Bulbusvolumen, Glaskörperverflüssigung und vorangegangene Vitrektomie beeinflusst werden.SchlussfolgerungenDie Pharmakokinetik intravitreal applizierter Arzneistoffe bestimmt sowohl die Dauer des okulären Effekts als auch das Ausmaß der systemischen Exposition und besitzt somit klinische Relevanz im Hinblick auf Reinjektionsstrategie und systemische Sicherheit.AbstractBackgroundIn addition to topical, periocular and systemic administration, intravitreal injection has been established in recent years as an additional standard procedure for ophthalmological drug delivery. This route of administration is now most frequently used for the therapy of retinal diseases with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors.Material and methodsA selective literature review and an analysis of own research data were carried out.ResultsIntravitreal administration achieves high drug concentrations in the target tissue while minimizing systemic drug exposure. Depending on properties such as molecular weight and binding capacity to the neonatal Fc receptor, intravitreally applied VEGF inhibitors can exhibit relevant differences in intraocular and systemic pharmacokinetics. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics can be affected by properties of the individual eye, such as ocular volume, vitreous liquefaction, and prior vitrectomy.ConclusionsPharmacokinetics of intravitreally administered drugs determine both the duration of ocular effect and the degree of systemic exposure and are thus of clinical relevance with regard to the reinjection strategy and systemic safety.


Ophthalmologe | 2012

Aktuelle Therapieoptionen bei Frühgeborenenretinopathie

Tim U. Krohne; Sabine Aisenbrey; Holz Fg

Retinopathy of prematurity is one of only few potentially blinding retinal diseases of infancy amenable to prevention of visual loss by appropriate and timely therapeutic measures. Retinal ablative therapies, such as laser coagulation eliminate the disease-causing secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by the avascular peripheral retina. Blockage of VEGF activity by intravitreal administration of VEGF-inhibitory drugs has likewise proven effective in recent clinical studies. Advanced stages of the disease may require surgical intervention. Knowledge of indications and techniques of the different currently available treatment options is crucial to ensure an optimal visual outcome for the affected children.ZusammenfassungDie Frühgeborenenretinopathie ist eine der wenigen potenziell zur Erblindung führenden Netzhauterkrankungen des Kindesalters, bei der eine Verhinderung des Sehverlusts durch adäquate und rechtzeitige Therapie möglich ist. Netzhautablative Verfahren wie die Laserkoagulation können die krankheitsursächliche „Vascular endothelial growth factor“ (VEGF)-Sekretion der avaskulären peripheren Netzhaut unterbinden. Eine Blockade der VEGF-Aktivität durch intravitreale Applikation VEGF-hemmender Medikamente hat sich in aktuellen klinischen Studien ebenfalls als wirksam erwiesen. Fortgeschrittene Erkrankungsstadien können den Einsatz chirurgischer Verfahren erforderlich machen. Kenntnisse der Indikationen und Techniken der verschiedenen aktuell zur Verfügung stehenden Therapieverfahren sind entscheidend für die optimale Versorgung der betroffenen Kinder.AbstractRetinopathy of prematurity is one of only few potentially blinding retinal diseases of infancy amenable to prevention of visual loss by appropriate and timely therapeutic measures. Retinal ablative therapies, such as laser coagulation eliminate the disease-causing secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by the avascular peripheral retina. Blockage of VEGF activity by intravitreal administration of VEGF-inhibitory drugs has likewise proven effective in recent clinical studies. Advanced stages of the disease may require surgical intervention. Knowledge of indications and techniques of the different currently available treatment options is crucial to ensure an optimal visual outcome for the affected children.


Ophthalmologe | 2016

Technical principles of OCT angiography

Petra P. Fang; Wolf M. Harmening; Philipp L. Müller; Moritz Lindner; Tim U. Krohne; Holz Fg

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie OCT-Angiographie (OCT-A) ist eine neue klinische Untersuchungsmethode, die eine nichtinvasive dreidimensionale Darstellung der vaskulären Strukturen der Netzhaut und Aderhaut erlaubt. Technisch handelt es sich bei der OCT-A um eine Weiterentwicklung der optischen Kohärenztomographie (OCT). Durch leistungsfähigere Soft- und Hardware ermöglicht die OCT-A neben morphologischen Analysen auch eine dreidimensionale retinale und choroidale Perfusionsanalyse. Wir erläutern die Grundlagen sowie die Anwendung der OCT-A im Vergleich mit anderen nichtinvasiven Untersuchungsverfahren der retinalen und choroidalen Blutzirkulation.MethodenDer Arbeit liegen eine selektive Literaturrecherche und die Auswertung eigener Daten zugrunde.ErgebnisseVorteile der OCT-A bestehen in der einfachen Anwendung, die keiner Mydriasis oder intravenösen Fluoreszenzfarbstoffverabreichung bedarf. Sie gestattet eine exakte tiefensensitive Lokalisation vaskulärer Veränderungen. Bei retinalen Pathologien können Diskrepanzen zwischen softwareassistierter automatischer Segmentierung und realen Netzhautschichten bestehen, die bei der klinischen Interpretation zu beachten sind.SchlussfolgerungDie OCT-A ist von allen nichtinvasiven Perfusionsanalysen die einzige, die bereits in den klinischen Alltag implementiert werden kann. Mit diesem neuen bildgebenden Untersuchungsverfahren können vaskuläre retinale und choroidale Veränderungen tiefenselektiv und ohne Maskierungseffekt durch Pooling- oder Stainingphänomene detektiert werden.AbstractBackgroundOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a new diagnostic non-invasive method by which the vascular structures of the retina and choroid can be visualized three-dimensionally without need for using fluorescence dyes. The technology of OCT-A is an advancement of the OCT. By means of more powerful software and hardware used for OCT-A not only morphological but also retinal and choroidal vascular perfusion analyses can be performed. In this article, the principles and applications of OCT-A are discussed and compared to other non-invasive diagnostic devices for visualization of the retinal and choroidal blood circulation.MethodsThis article is based on a selective literature review and analyses of own data.ResultsThe advantages of OCT-A include easy application without the need for mydriasis or intravenous injection of fluorescence dyes and also the exact three-dimensional localization of vascular changes. In the case of retinal pathologies there is a considerable difference between software-assisted automatic segmentation and the real architecture of the retina, which must be taken into consideration in the clinical interpretation.ConclusionOf all noninvasive devices for visualization of the retinal and choroidal circulation, OCT-A is the only one which can already be implemented into the clinical routine. With this novel imaging device retinal and choroidal alterations can be visualized in a depth- selective manner and without masking affects, such as pooling or staining phenomena.BACKGROUNDnOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a new diagnostic non-invasive method by which the vascular structures of the retina and choroid can be visualized three-dimensionally without need for using fluorescence dyes. The technology of OCT-A is an advancement of the OCT. By means of more powerful software and hardware used for OCT-A not only morphological but also retinal and choroidal vascular perfusion analyses can be performed. In this article, the principles and applications of OCT-A are discussed and compared to other non-invasive diagnostic devices for visualization of the retinal and choroidal blood circulation.nnnMETHODSnThis article is based on a selective literature review and analyses of own data.nnnRESULTSnThe advantages of OCT-A include easy application without the need for mydriasis or intravenous injection of fluorescence dyes and also the exact three-dimensional localization of vascular changes. In the case of retinal pathologies there is a considerable difference between software-assisted automatic segmentation and the real architecture of the retina, which must be taken into consideration in the clinical interpretation.nnnCONCLUSIONnOf all noninvasive devices for visualization of the retinal and choroidal circulation, OCT-A is the only one which can already be implemented into the clinical routine. With this novel imaging device retinal and choroidal alterations can be visualized in a depth- selective manner and without masking affects, such as pooling or staining phenomena.


Ophthalmologe | 2012

Current therapeutic options in retinopathy of prematurity

Tim U. Krohne; Sabine Aisenbrey; Holz Fg

Retinopathy of prematurity is one of only few potentially blinding retinal diseases of infancy amenable to prevention of visual loss by appropriate and timely therapeutic measures. Retinal ablative therapies, such as laser coagulation eliminate the disease-causing secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by the avascular peripheral retina. Blockage of VEGF activity by intravitreal administration of VEGF-inhibitory drugs has likewise proven effective in recent clinical studies. Advanced stages of the disease may require surgical intervention. Knowledge of indications and techniques of the different currently available treatment options is crucial to ensure an optimal visual outcome for the affected children.ZusammenfassungDie Frühgeborenenretinopathie ist eine der wenigen potenziell zur Erblindung führenden Netzhauterkrankungen des Kindesalters, bei der eine Verhinderung des Sehverlusts durch adäquate und rechtzeitige Therapie möglich ist. Netzhautablative Verfahren wie die Laserkoagulation können die krankheitsursächliche „Vascular endothelial growth factor“ (VEGF)-Sekretion der avaskulären peripheren Netzhaut unterbinden. Eine Blockade der VEGF-Aktivität durch intravitreale Applikation VEGF-hemmender Medikamente hat sich in aktuellen klinischen Studien ebenfalls als wirksam erwiesen. Fortgeschrittene Erkrankungsstadien können den Einsatz chirurgischer Verfahren erforderlich machen. Kenntnisse der Indikationen und Techniken der verschiedenen aktuell zur Verfügung stehenden Therapieverfahren sind entscheidend für die optimale Versorgung der betroffenen Kinder.AbstractRetinopathy of prematurity is one of only few potentially blinding retinal diseases of infancy amenable to prevention of visual loss by appropriate and timely therapeutic measures. Retinal ablative therapies, such as laser coagulation eliminate the disease-causing secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by the avascular peripheral retina. Blockage of VEGF activity by intravitreal administration of VEGF-inhibitory drugs has likewise proven effective in recent clinical studies. Advanced stages of the disease may require surgical intervention. Knowledge of indications and techniques of the different currently available treatment options is crucial to ensure an optimal visual outcome for the affected children.


Ophthalmologe | 2016

Design des ORCA-Moduls der OCEAN-Studie

B. Heimes; Tina Schick; Christian K. Brinkmann; A. Wiedon; B. Haegele; Bernd Kirchhof; Holz Fg; Daniel Pauleikhoff; Focke Ziemssen; Sandra Liakopoulos; Georg Spital; Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg

BACKGROUNDnThe prevalence of blindness as defined by law could be reduced by the introduction of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. Because the treatment is governed by patient needs, mostly using morphological criteria, imaging diagnostics are of particular importance. The non-interventional OCEAN study investigates the treatment with ranibizumab in the clinical routine practice. In a subgroup of patients the interpretation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans by the treating physicians will be analyzed (ORCA module).nnnMETHODSnOver a period of 24 months data from patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion or diabetes mellitus, who are receiving intravitreal injections of ranibizumab, will be assessed. Information on examinations, visual acuity, treatment and recordings from imaging techniques will be documented using a questionnaire. The SD-OCT scans, fluorescence angiography and fundus photography will be independently analyzed by the ophthalmologist of the study center and by three reading centers (CIRCL Cologne, GRADE Bonn and M3 Münster). Automated measurements of retinal thickness by the manufacturers software will be checked and if necessary manually corrected. A qualitative interpretation in terms of morphological criteria for (further) treatment will be performed.nnnCONCLUSIONnA thorough assessment of SD-OCT images during anti-VEGF therapy provides the basis for the best possible needs-oriented treatment regimen. The control of the quality of data from daily routine practice may indicate possible weaknesses allowing explicit training and therefore optimization of patient treatment.ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Prävalenz von Erblindungen im Sinne des Gesetzes konnte durch die Einführung der intravitrealen Anti-VEGF („vascular endothelial growth factor“)-Therapie reduziert werden. Da die Behandlung bedarfsgesteuert u. a. anhand morphologischer Kriterien erfolgt, kommt der bildgebenden Diagnostik ein besonderer Stellenwert zu. Die nichtinterventionelle OCEAN-Studie untersucht die Behandlung mit Ranibizumab im klinischen Alltag. In einer Subgruppe analysiert das ORCA-Modul die Befundung von Spectral-Domain optischer Kohärenztomographie (SD-OCT)-Scans durch die behandelnden Ärzte.MethodenÜber 24 Monate werden die Daten von Patienten mit exsudativer altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration (AMD), einem Makulaödem durch retinalen Venenverschluss oder Diabetes mellitus erfasst, die intravitreale Injektionen mit Ranibizumab erhalten. Informationen über Untersuchungen, Visus, Behandlungen sowie bildgebende Verfahren werden anhand eines Fragebogens dokumentiert. Durchgeführte SD-OCT-Scans, Fluoreszeinangiographien und Fundusfotografien werden unabhängig voneinander durch den Augenarzt des Studienzentrums sowie durch 3xa0Reading-Center (CIRCL Köln, GRADE Bonn, M3 Münster) befundet. Die automatische Messung der Netzhautdicke durch die Herstellersoftware wird überprüft und ggf. manuell korrigiert. Es erfolgt eine qualitative Auswertung im Hinblick auf morphologische Kriterien für eine (Wieder-)Behandlung.SchlussfolgerungenEine sorgfältige Beurteilung der SD-OCT-Aufnahmen im Verlauf unter einer Anti-VEGF-Therapie bildet die Grundlage für eine bestmögliche bedarfsorientierte Behandlung. Die Überprüfung der Befunderhebungsqualität in der täglichen Praxis kann hierbei mögliche Schwachstellen aufzeigen, gezieltes Training ermöglichen und somit die Behandlung der Patienten optimieren.AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of blindness as defined by law could be reduced by the introduction of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. Because the treatment is governed by patient needs, mostly using morphological criteria, imaging diagnostics are of particular importance. The non-interventional OCEAN study investigates the treatment with ranibizumab in the clinical routine practice. In a subgroup of patients the interpretation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans by the treating physicians will be analyzed (ORCA module).MethodsOver a period of 24 months data from patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion or diabetes mellitus, who are receiving intravitreal injections of ranibizumab, will be assessed. Information on examinations, visual acuity, treatment and recordings from imaging techniques will be documented using a questionnaire. The SD-OCT scans, fluorescence angiography and fundus photography will be independently analyzed by the ophthalmologist of the study center and by three reading centers (CIRCL Cologne, GRADE Bonn and M3 Münster). Automated measurements of retinal thickness by the manufacturers software will be checked and if necessary manually corrected. A qualitative interpretation in terms of morphological criteria for (further) treatment will be performed.ConclusionA thorough assessment of SD-OCT images during anti-VEGF therapy provides the basis for the best possible needs-oriented treatment regimen. The control of the quality of data from daily routine practice may indicate possible weaknesses allowing explicit training and therefore optimization of patient treatment.

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Alan C. Bird

Moorfields Eye Hospital

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Nicole Eter

University of Münster

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