Hong Guang-xiang

Artificial bone of porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics and its preliminary clinical application

SummaryThe authors have prepared the artificial bone of porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics according to an appropriate formula and manufacturing technology. Physical and chemical testing shows that it possesses several distinguishing features: the communicating pores and macro/micropores; mean pore size, 380 μm (from 240 μm to 510 μm); porosity, 46.4 %; and compressive strength, 97.4 kg/cm2. It consists of CaO (49.09 %) and P2O5 (48.84 %). The testing of its biocompatibility shows that it is devoid of systemic or local toxicity, and free of irritation or foreign body response in tissues, and it does not result in hemolysis or mutation. The new bone readily grows into its pores with direct contact to the implanted material. 11 cases of bone defects were treated with this artificial bone with satisfactory results.

Analysis of the biocompatibility of magnetic porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics in rat femurs.

SummaryA new biomaterial, magnetic porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics (MPTCP), may be used for repairing defects in bones as a substitute for bone grafting. This study was designed to examine its biocompatibility and the systemic toxicity. The ceramic sections, approximately 15.3 mg, were implanted into both proximal femurs of 10 male and 10 female albino SW rats. An equal number of male and female animals served as sham-operated controls. Implantation of MPTCP ceramics in rat femurs had no deleterious effects on body weight, organ/body weight ratio, and on blood, liver and kidney functions. Plasma levels of inorganic phosphorus were significantly elevated in rats implanted with MPTCP ceramics. Alkaline phosphatase values in plasma in the experimental group were equal to those in the control group. Photomicrographs, radiographs and scanning electron photomicrographs of the rat femurs implanted with MPTCP ceramics demonstrated excellent bone association with implants and growth of some new bone into MPTCP ceramics. In conclusion, MPTCP ceramics are biocompatible and suitable for the reconstruction of bones.

A histological observation on the flexor tendon healing within intact sheath

SummaryIn this study we allowed the sutured chicken flexor tendons to glide back into the uninjured sheaths in order to keep the healing process of flexor tendon from being affected by the healing of surrounding wounded tissues. By observing 12 chickens, 72 digits, with light microscope and transmission electron microscope, it was found that the visceral and parietal synovium of the sheath were the regions with earliest and most active cell proliferation and the major source of repairing cells during the healing process of the flexor tendon. Tendon cells had the ability of intrinsic healing, but delayed as compared to synovium cells. Adhesion between intact parietal synovium and healing tendon and its surrounding tissue could not be avoided.

Das Supinatorsyndrom — eine anatomische und klinische Studie

ZusammenfassungDas Supinatorsyndrom (Posterior interosseus- Syndrom) kann in zwei Formen auftreten:a)das paralytische Supinatorsyndrom,b)das schmerzhafte (afferente) Supinatorsyndrom. In dieser Arbeit wird über 12 operierte Patienten mit schmerzhaftem Supinatorsyndrom berichtet. Die bei diesen Patienten intraoperativ erhobenen Befunde an der Arkade von Frohse werden jenen Befunden gegenübergestellt, die wir bei der Fräparation an 10 frischen Leichnamen erhoben haben. Besonders auffallend war dabei, daß intraoperativ in 10 von 12 Fällen ein “sehniger” Arkadenryp vorlag. In unseren Präparationen fanden wir den “sehnigen” Typ nur in 2 von 10 Fällen vor. Aufgrund dieser Befunde sind wir der Auffassung, daß der “sehnige” Typ del Frohse’schen Arkade ein wesentlicher Faktor beim Zustandekommen des Supinatorsyndroms ist.AbstractThe interosseus posterior syndrome appears in two forms:a)the paralytical interosseus posterior syndrome,b)the painful (afferent) interosseus posterior syndrome. We report in this investigation about 12 operated patients with painful interosseus posterior syndrome. The intraoperative findings in the arcade of Frohse are compared with the findings we made at the preparation of 10 recently deceased. It was especially significant, that we found in 10 of our 12 cases intraoperatively a tendinous type of arcade. In our directioned cases we encountered this type of tendinous arcade in only 2 of 10 cases.Based on these findings we are of the opinion that the tendinous arcade of Frohse is an important factor in the development of the interosseus posterior syndrome.

Medial flap of the shank – Anatomical study and clinical application

SummaryBy anatomical study in 40 cadaver legs it was shown that the blood of the medial leg flap is supplied by the ramus saphenus, which is the cutaneous branch of the descending genicular artery. Venous drainage of the flap is by the great saphenous vein. The medial femoral condyle and the great saphenous vein serve as the markers of the top and the longitudinal ax s of the flap respectively. The vascular pedicle is about 10 cm in length, the flap measures 10×20 cm. This paper presents our experience in the use of the medial leg flap. The largest flap was 16×18 cm as an island flap or a free flap in 6 cases for repairing soft tissue defect of the knee, heel and hand with satisfactory results.

Embryonic limb buds derived neurotrophins on the survival of neurons and the growth of axons in Culturein vitro

SummaryBioactive proteins from SD rat limb buds were extracted and purified. Fractions of 22 ku, 34 ku and 95 ku were proved to have neurotrophic activity to neurons, and the combined activity of these three fractions was the highest. So they were combinedly added into the culture medium of sensor neurons in dorsal root ganglia and motor neurons of anterior spinal cord from 2-week-old embryonic rats, and PBS was added as control. Phase-contrast microscopic and electron microscopic observations, and true cholinesterase measurements were performed to evaluate the survival and changes in growth, function, and ultrastructure of these cultured neurons. In the experimental group, it was found that the AchE activity was higher (P<0. 01), ultrastructural changes in mitochondria, Gorgi’s complex and other cell organs were milder than those in the control group. The results showed limb buds derived neurotrophins played an important role in maitaining the survival of the neurons and promoting the growth of axons. It was concluded that embryonic limb buds derived neurotrophins had high neurotrophic activities on neurons’ survival and axon growth.

Comparison of effects of MPTCP and PTCP ceramics implanted for the treatment of bone defects in rabbits

SummaryThe magnetic porous tricalcium phosphate (MPTCP) and porous tricalcium phosphate (PTCP) ceramic cylinders were implanted into right and left bone defects of rabbits’ radii in order to determine the utility of the MPTCP ceramics. Based on naked eye inspection, light and scanning electron microphotography, roentgenography, quantitative histological measurement of new bone formation and anti-break test for a period of 5 months. The results showed that the two kinds of ceramics were biocompatible with human tissue. MPTCP ceramics could induce more new bone formation than PTCP ceramics. Treatment of fractures with synthetic calcium phosphate ceramics and magnetic fields were discussed.

Reinnervation of free transferred muscle by nerve suture and nerve implantation in combination—An experimental study

SummaryThe authors have designed a method of combining nerve suture and nerve implantation to improve reinnervation and functional recovery of free transferred muscles. Experimental results on EMG recording, muscle power, muscle weight and histologic construction showed better recovery, compared with either mere nerve suture or nerve implantation. The change of motor end-plates with cholinesterase staining indicates more perfect reinnervation. The clinical significance of this method and certain considerations in performance are discussed in this paper.

Application of forearm island flap to repair of hand injury

In our series there were 15 patients, 7 males and 8 females , aged 11-35 years. In 3 of them the soft tissue in jury was fresh (1 on the dorsum of the hand, 1 on the pa lmar aspect of the thumb, and 1 on the t humb and thenar prominence) , while in the other 12 the t rauma was old (3 had contract ion of the f i rs t web of the hand; 3 had prot ruding f irst carpal bone; 2 had scars on the dorsum of the hand; 2 had scars on the palmar aspect of the index f inger , the r ing finger and the little f inger respectively; 1 had loss of soft t issue on the ulnar side of the thumb wi th exposed interphalangeal joint; 1 had hemangioma of the t hum b) . The largest f lap was 6 × 16 cm, and the smallest was 3 × 5 cm. 5 of them were taken f rom the left fo rearm, and I0 f rom the r ight . The vessel pedicles of the flaps were usua l ly 5 6 cm in length, the shortest being 2 cm, and the longest 8 cm. The dis ta l ly s i tuated vessel pedicles turned 130-180 degrees w i th the f laps rotated distal ly to the hand . In 12 cases the flaps passed th rough a subcutaneous tunnel to reach the recipient site. Only in 3 cases of the scar on the palmar aspect of the f ingers was the passage fo rmed b y an incision made between the f l ap and the recipient region. The donor areas in 9 cases could be closed b y direct a p p r o x i mat ion and 6 b y sp l i t sk in graf t s . The island f laps in all cases su rv ived in their entirety; in 2 cases the f laps became marked ly swollen on the f i r s t day af ter operat ion wi th vesicle f o r m a t i o n on the skin but the swell ing subsided in 3 5 days .

Free vascularized fibula grafting

SummaryEight patients with bone tumor, nonunion of fracture and extensive bony defect were treated by using the technique of free vascularized fibula graft. Seven cases were successful and one case failed because of infection. Convalescence was shortened significantly. A full description of the operative procedure is presented, with a review of relevant literature and a discussion of the historical aspects of bone grafting. The vascularized bone graft is an important technical revolution in bone grafting.