Hongzhou Cai

Effectiveness of Prophylactic Surgeries in BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review

Purpose: To systematically investigate the effectiveness of prophylactic surgeries (PS) implemented in women carrying BRCA1/2 mutations. Experimental Design: The PubMed database was searched till August 2014 and 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Fixed- or random-effects models were conducted according to study heterogeneity. We calculated the pooled relative risks (RR) for cancer risk or mortality along with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (PBSO) and bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) were both associated with a decreased breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (RR, 0.552; 95% CI, 0.448–0.682; RR, 0.114; 95% CI, 0.041–0.317, respectively). Similar findings were observed in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers separately. Moreover, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) significantly decreased contralateral breast cancer incidence in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (RR, 0.072; 95% CI, 0.035–0.148). Of note, PBSO was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers without breast cancer (HR, 0.349; 95% CI, 0.190–0.639) and those with breast cancer (HR, 0.432; 95% CI, 0.318–0.588). In addition, all-cause mortality was significantly lower for patients with CPM than those without (HR, 0.512; 95% CI, 0.368–0.714). However, BPM was not significantly associated with reduced all-cause mortality. Data were insufficient to obtain separate estimates of survival benefit with PS in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. Conclusions: BRCA1/2 mutation carriers who have been treated with PS have a substantially reduced breast cancer incidence and mortality. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3971–81. ©2016 AACR.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with elevated risk of mortality amongst patients with prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of 11 cohort studies

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. However, previous studies examining the associations between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer prognosis have produced mixed results. Here, we aim to summarize the effect of diabetes mellitus on prostate cancer prognosis.

Comparison between transrectal and transperineal prostate biopsy for detection of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

To systematically assess the efficacy and complications of transrectal (TR) versus transperineal (TP) prostate biopsy in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa). A meta-analysis was performed by searching the databases Pubmed, Embase and Web of science for the relevant available studies until September 1st, 2016, and thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the differences of TR and TP groups in PCa detection rate. Then, trial sequential analysis was performed to reduce the risk of type I error and estimated whether the evidence of the results was reliable. Overall, this meta-analysis included a total of 4280 patients, who had been accrued between April 2000 and Aug 2014 and randomly divided into TR group and TP group. Prostate biopsies included sextant, extensive and saturation biopsy procedures. Patients who received TP prostate biopsy had no significant improvement in PCa detection rate, comparing TR group. Moreover, when comparing TR and TP studies, no significant difference was found in abnormal DRE findings, serum PSA level measurement, Gleason score, prostate volume. Besides, this meta-analysis showed no obvious differences between these two groups in terms of relevant complications. Therefore, this meta-analysis revealed that no significant differences were found in PCa detection rate between TP and TR approaches for prostate biopsy. However, with regard to pain relief and additional anesthesia, TR prostate needle biopsy was relatively preferable, compared to TP prostate biopsy.

Association between manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) polymorphism and prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis

Background Previous studies have investigated the relationship between manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) Val16Ala polymorphism and prostate cancer susceptibility, but the results have remained controversial. This meta-analysis was therefore performed to clarify this association. Methods The databases PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for relevant available studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association. Publication bias was estimated using Beggs funnel plots and Eggers regression test. Trial sequential analysis was used to reduce the risk of type I error and estimate whether the evidence of the results was sufficient. Results Overall, a significant increased risk of prostate cancer was associated with MnSOD Val16Ala polymorphism for the heterozygote model (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.24), homozygote model (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.36), dominant model (OR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07-1.44) and recessive model (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.96-1.24). In the subgroup analysis by genotyping method, the results were statistically significant for the TaqMan and PCR-RFLP methods. In addition, when stratified by sample size, statistically significant increased risks were found among both large samples and small samples. Furthermore, when stratified by source of control, significant results were detected in both population-based controls and hospital-based controls. By trial sequential analyses, these findings in the current study were shown to be based on sufficient evidence. Conclusions This meta-analysis indicated that the Ala allele of the MnSOD gene polymorphism increases prostate cancer susceptibility.

Expressions of stem cell transcription factors Nanog and Oct4 in renal cell carcinoma tissues and clinical significance

Abstract We aimed to detect the expressions of stem cell transcription factors Nanog and Oct4 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues. Nanog and Oct4 mRNA expressions in RCC tissues significantly exceeded those in paracancerous tissues (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05), being positively correlated with histological grade (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) and TNM stage (p < 0.05). With increasing TNM stage (p < 0.01) and lymphatic metastasis (p < 0.05), the positive expression rate of Nanog protein increased. RCC patients with low Nanog and Oct4 expressions in tumor tissues had significantly higher survival rates (p < 0.05). High Nanog and Oct4 expressions may be potential therapeutic targets.

Association of N-acetyltransferase 1 polymorphism and bladder cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Background Individual studies of the association between N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1)*10 allele and bladder cancer susceptibility have shown inconclusive results. To derive a more precise estimation of any such relationship, we performed this systemic review and updated meta-analysis based on 17 publications. Methods A total of 17 studies were investigated with 4,322 bladder cancer cases and 4,944 controls. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on ethnicity, sex, source of controls and detecting methods. Then trial sequential analysis was performed to evaluate whether the evidence of the results was sufficient and reduce the risk of type I error. Results There was no association between NAT1*10 allele and bladder cancer risk in a random-effects model (OR = 0.96, 95% CI, 0.84-1.10) or in a fixed-effects model (OR = 0.95, 95% CI, 0.87-1.03). In addition, no significantly increased risk of bladder cancer was found in any other subgroup analysis. Then, trial sequential analyses demonstrated that the results of our study need to be further verified. Conclusions Despite its limitations, the results of the present meta-analysis suggested that there was no association between NAT1* 10 allele and bladder cancer risk. More importantly, our findings need to be further validated regarding whether being without the NAT1*10 allele could in the future be shown to be a potential marker for the risk of bladder cancer.

The relationship between functional promoter -94 ins/del ATTG polymorphism in {NF-κ B1} gene and the risk of urinary cancer

OBJECTIVE A functional -94 insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs28362491) in the promoter of the NF-κ B1 gene was reported to influence NF-κ B1 expression and confer susceptibility to different types of cancer. This study aims to determine whether the polymorphism is associated with the risk of urinary cancer, including renal cancer, bladder cancer and prostate cancer. METHODS TaqMan method was applied to genotype the NF-κ B1 -94 ins/del ATTG promoter polymorphism in three case-control studies: renal cell carcinoma group (1216 cases and 1588 controls), bladder cancer group (730 cases and 780 controls), and prostate cancer group (820 cases and 945 controls). Logistic regression was used to assess the association between the polymorphism and urinary cancer risk. RESULTS The del/del genotype was detected to be associated with a statistically significant increased risk of bladder cancer when taking the ins/ins genotypes as reference (P < 0.001, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-1.52). Furthermore, in bladder cancer, the same results were observed in the del/del genotype compared with the ins/ins + ins/del genotypes (P < 0.001, OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.41-2.35), and the del allele compared with the ins allele (P < 0.001, OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.12-1.49). However, no significant difference was observed in the associations between the NF-κ B1 polymorphism and the risk of renal cell carcinoma or prostate cancer in all kinds of models. CONCLUSIONS In the Chinese population, the -94 ins/del ATTG polymorphism in NF-κ B1 promoter may contribute to the etiology of bladder cancer instead of renal cell carcinoma or prostate cancer.

Docetaxel Combined With Cisplatin for Metastatic Extramammary Paget Disease

Micro‐Abstract We provided docetaxel combined with cisplatin to patients with metastatic extramammary Paget disease (EMPD). After 2 cycles of chemotherapy, 4 patients experienced partial remission and 4 stable disease; mean overall survival (OS) was 28.9 months, and mean progression‐free survival was 9.9 months. Docetaxel combined with cisplatin might be a treatment option for metastatic EMPD, with good disease control rate and OS. Introduction: Metastatic extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) as a rare intraepithelial carcinoma is fatal. However, no standardized chemotherapy has been established. We provided docetaxel combined with cisplatin to EMPD patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 8 patients with metastatic EMPD were included in this study between July 2010 and July 2015 (mean age, 64.4 years); they underwent a mean of 9.4 cycles of chemotherapy. All the patients were treated with chemotherapy (docetaxel 60 mg/m2 on day 1; cisplatin 25 mg/m2 on days 1‐3) as first‐line treatment for > 6 cycle (at least 21 days per cycle). Data on tumor response, time to progression, overall survival, and adverse events were collected. Results: After 2 cycles of chemotherapy, 4 patients experienced partial remission and 4 stable disease. The mean overall survival was 28.9 months, and the mean progression‐free survival was 9.9 months. Conclusion: Docetaxel combined with cisplatin might be a treatment option for metastatic EMPD, with high disease control rate and good overall survival.

The association between let-7 microRNA-binding site polymorphism rs712 and cancer risk: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Background: Previous studies have investigated the relationship between let-7 microRNA-binding site polymorphism rs712 and cancer susceptibility. However, the available conclusions remained inconsistent. The present meta-analysis was thus performed to clarify such associations. Methods: A meta-analysis including 11 studies was performed with 3,572 cases and 4,749 controls. Relevant studies were searched in the databases EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science, covering relevant papers published until September 1st, 2016. We pooled data with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the associations. Besides, Begg’s funnel plots and Egger’s regression test were utilized to evaluate publication bias. Furthermore, we took advantage of trial sequential analysis to evaluate whether the evidence of the results was sufficient. Results: Overall, the results showed that significant cancer risk was associated with rs712 for heterozygote model OR =1.10 (95% CI: 1.002–1.22), homozygote model OR =1.71 (95% CI: 1.18–2.49), dominant model OR =1.19 (95% CI: 1.04–1.35), recessive model OR=1.64 (95% CI: 1.17–2.31) and allele model OR =1.21 (95% CI: 1.06–1.39). Moreover, trial sequential analyses for the first time were performed to confirm such associations, demonstrating that the results of our study were based on sufficient evidence. Conclusions: This results of the meta-analysis suggested that rs712 polymorphism was associated with cancer susceptibility, which might act as a potential biomarker for evaluating cancer risk.

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like 1 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 are downregulated in renal cell carcinoma and connected with the prognosis

OBJECTIVE To examine the expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like 1 (hnRPUL1) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues and the connection between the expressions and prognosis of RCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Total RNAs were extracted from 36 pairs of RCC and their adjacent non-tumor tissues and real-time qRT-PCR was performed. RESULTS The expression of hnRPUL1 was remarkably downregulation in RCC tissues (14/36, 38.9%), compared with matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. And the expression of PARP1 was also remarkably downregulation in RCC tissues (12/36, 30.0%). In the stratification of clinical stage, downregulation in hnRPUL1 and PARP1 were both connected with the advanced clinical stage (P=0.013 and P=0.009). In addition, significantly increased risk of developing with a moderately and poorly differentiated tumor nuclear grade was found in the downregulation of hnRPUL1 patients (P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS Despite the limitations, hnRPUL1 and PARP1 were downregulated in renal cell carcinoma and connected with the prognosis.