Hongzhuan Hu

New type optical fiber positioning unit device for LAMOST

This paper proposes an optical fiber positioning unit device for LAMOST(Large Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscope Telescope), It consists of a central shaft revolving mechanism, and eccentric shaft revolving mechanism relative to central shaft. The central shaft turns round at the range of -180° to +180° and the eccentric shaft turns round at the range of -90° to +90° driving by each control motor. When positioning, the optical fiber end moves on the focal plate throughout, and can never deviate from focal plane. It has simple structure, could be machined and assembled and taken down easily and could be ensured machining practices easily, so could be reduced manufacture costs. The unit sets mechanical electrical zero position detecting device to reduce the accumulate error of multi-positioning. Testing result have demonstrated this new double revolving optical fiber positioning unit device can accord with the demand of LAMOST entirely.

Study on the optical fiber positioning medium-term system for LAMOST

This paper proposes research of a structure of LAMOST fiber positioning medium-term system; its construction and its tests are briefly introduced. This medium-term system includes several parts as follow: a main control computer, a unit controller, a set of drive circuits, 19 optical positioning units that positioning 19 optical fiber ends on the small simulate focal plane with diameter of 180 mm, a CCD camera, a frame grabber, and control programs. Tests on the system have indicated that positioning precision of 19 units is less than 0.04 mm on the whole focal plane with diameter of 180 mm. On medium-term system, some important problem for LAMOST building has test and research, for example: Fiber positioning precision, mechanism interference among the units, anti-jamming of drive circuits, units work life-span and reliability, temperature raising, etc. Test results have established stability foundation for LAMOST construction.

Preliminary study on the measurement system for LAMOST small focal plane fiber positioning system

LAMOST is National Ninth Five Great Scientific Project. In the fiber positioning system, geometrical coordinates of fibers need to be measured in order to verify the precision of fiber positioning. The small focal plane system for LAMOST includes more than 200 fiber positioning units and its diameter is 500mm, so its difficult to cover it using only one area CCD. For measuring wide field of view, the measurement system based on one CCD rotating is designed. The CCD camera is placed on a mechanism liked a pan head and can rotate around two vertical axes. When the CCD camera rotates in a certain way, the measuring scope becomes a ring. When the initial angle of CCD is changed the size of the ring changed too, so the wide field of view is measured. In this plan different measuring has overlapped regions and one fiber point may be measured for several times. After the cameras calibration the different imaging points will be transformed to the same coordinate system using photogrammetry method and the average value of them is the final value in order to eliminate the imaging error and transformation error. The realization of the measurement system based on CCD rotation is described.

Design of control system for fiber positioning system of LAMOST

This paper describes the design of control system of fiber positioning system. The fiber positioning system has more than 4000 fiber units with 2 stopping motor and 2 start position sensor in each unit, and whole units will be assembled at 1.75 meter diameter focal surface of LAMOST, the mechanism and control system have demanding requirements for high precision position control. Detail design, testing and performance evaluation is described in this paper, a special control unit which can control and monitor more than 20 fiber with 1000Hz driving frequency of stepping motor and response start position sensor with one pulse of stepping motor in each fiber unit is set as a CAN bus node, 200 control units combine a can bus real time control system which can control the whole fibers move to new position in 3 minutes. In order to get high precision position in this open loop control unit, a very simple and small sensor is used to eliminate the accumulate errors of mechanism with resetting the start position, and compensation data is measured and set in control software to diminish the mechanical transmission errors. For testing the mechanism and control system, a small fiber positioning system with 19 units have been made.

The measurement system for fiber positioning unit of LAMOST

The paper proposes the measurement system for the fiber positioning unit of LAMOST(Large Sky Area of Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscope Telescope). It consists of an area CCD sensor, an image acquisition card, and a lens. The fiber is illuminated by light source from one end. The end of the fiber on the focal plate is imaged on the area CCD sensor by the lens. The image of the fiber end is acquired by the area CCD sensor, and transferred into a computer by the image grabber. Some pro-processed methods are used to process the digital image of the fiber. According to further digital image processing, the position of the fiber is obtained. The paper focuses on the calibration method of the digital area CCD camera. The measurement system calibrates the camera with the calibration board. The calibration board has some holes illuminated by an area LED. The positions of those holes are pre-measured precisely. Then, the systematic error of the measurement is figured out through the calibration procession. The optical aberration is fitted by the quartic surface. The measurement system can measure the position of the fiber on the positioning unit precisely. The precision of the measurement system is 0.010mm.

Research on calibration method of LAMOST fiber robot

Large sky area multi-object fiber spectroscopy telescope (LAMOST) is an innovative reflecting Schmidt telescope. One of its key technology is 4000 dual rotational fiber robot located in the focal plane. This article analyzes the calibration requirements of the 4000 fiber robot. And then, proposes a fast calibration method in the complex field environment, and discribes the specific process how to obtain positioning parameters of the fiber robot rapidly.

Implementary scheme of parallel controllable optical fiber positioning system for LAMOST

The aims of LAMOST(Large Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscope Telescope) optical fibers positioning system is carrying out 4000 fibers minutely position quickly on the focal plane plate. Base on the dividing domain, we are putting forward parallel controllable optical fiber positioning system, this system consists of several parts as follows: In the focal plate of LAMOST, A aluminous alloy plate with plate diameter 1.75 m, globe radius is 20m. Over 4000 holes are bored on the focal plate; one optical fiber positioning unit of double revolving freedom device is inserted in each holes of focal plate, it is drived by two micro-stepping motor and positioning one fiber-end, focal plate is sustained by 8 steel tubes on the focal mechanical framework; for driving 8000 stepping motors, a control system is needed; and a measuring system with 4K surface CCD is used to calibrate the fibers position, besides a few accessorial devices for example 4000 wire and fiber setting up need to plan elaborately, According to plan, parallel controllable fiber positioning system will be made in the next three years.

Research and implementation of the integrated cooling system for focal plate

With the rapid development of multi-objective astronomical survey telescope technology, the heat of focal plate which high-density optical fiber positioners were mounted in has become the key factor of system precision. The new integrated cooling system designed multi curved composite grooves on the surface of focal plate for forced convection was proposed. Meanwhile, the manufacturing process, sealing structure and heat dissipation performance of the system were analyzed and tested with detail in the paper. The experimental results suggested that the new integrated cooling system of focal plate has a fast response speed and good heat dissipation performance.

Research of fiber position measurement by multi CCD cameras

Parallel controlled fiber positioner as an efficiency observation system, has been used in LAMOST for four years, and will be proposed in ngCFHT and rebuilt telescope Mayall. The fiber positioner research group in USTC have designed a new generation prototype by a close-packed module robotic positioner mechanisms. The prototype includes about 150 groups fiber positioning module plugged in 1 meter diameter honeycombed focal plane. Each module has 37 12mm diameter fiber positioners. Furthermore the new system promotes the accuracy from 40 um in LAMOST to 10um in MSDESI. That’s a new challenge for measurement. Close-loop control system are to be used in new system. The CCD camera captures the photo of fiber tip position covered the focal plane, calculates the precise position information and feeds back to control system. After the positioner rotated several loops, the accuracy of all positioners will be confined to less than 10um. We report our component development and performance measurement program of new measuring system by using multi CCD cameras. With the stereo vision and image processing method, we precisely measure the 3-demension position of fiber tip carried by fiber positioner. Finally we present baseline parameters for the fiber positioner measurement as a reference of next generation survey telescope design.

A high-density integrated optical focal plane positioning system

Modern multi-spectral sky survey requires the use of greater quantity and smaller size of the fiber positioner. This paper presents a high-density integrated optical focal plane positioning system, which includes 150 groups fiber positioning module and a 1 meter diameter honeycomb-shaped focal plane framework in that have about 150 hexagonal hole. Each module has a pedestal includes 37 holes and 37 fiber positioner of 11.8 mm diameter. 37 fiber positioner integrated can greatly reduce the difficulty of the design and installation. The modular structure also facilitates maintenance and replacement in the field of telescope, and greatly reduce the difficulty of the drive system design. Numerical simulation results show that: the honeycomb-shaped focal plane framework whose thickness is 100mm and who is in a variety of working positions and load conditions, its maximum deformation is about 0.02mm. This meet the needs of the general astronomical telescopes. The positioning accuracy of test 12mm diameter fiber positioner is about 0.04 mm, and it is expected to reach 0.01mm if have the closed-loop control.