Hooman Djaladat

Enhanced Recovery Protocol after Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer

PURPOSE Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols aim to improve patient care and decrease complications and hospital stay. We evaluated our enhanced recovery after surgery protocol, focusing on length of stay, early complication and readmission rates after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS From May 2012 to July 2013 a perioperative protocol was applied in 126 consecutive patients who underwent open radical cystectomy and urinary diversion. Nonconsenting patients (2), those with previous diversion (2) and prolonged postoperative intubation (3), and those who underwent additional surgery (9) were excluded from study. The protocol focuses on avoiding bowel preparation and nasogastric tube, early feeding, nonnarcotic pain management and the use of cholinergic and μ-opioid antagonists. Outcomes were compared to those in matched controls from our bladder cancer database. RESULTS A total of 110 patients with a median age of 69 years were included in analysis, of whom 68% underwent continent urinary diversion. Of the patients 82% had a bowel movement by postoperative day 2. Median length of stay was 4 days. The 30-day minor and major complication rates were 64% and 14%, respectively. The most common minor complication was anemia requiring transfusion in 19% of patients, urinary tract infection in 13% and dehydration in 10%. The latter 2 complications were the most common etiologies for readmission. The 30-day readmission rate was 21% (23 patients). Patients 75 years old or older had a longer length of stay (5 vs 4 days, p = 0.03) and a higher minor complication rate (72% vs 51%, p = 0.04) than younger patients. CONCLUSIONS Our enhanced recovery after surgery protocol expedites bowel function recovery and shortens hospital stay after RC and urinary diversion without an increase in the hospital readmission rates.

Effect of renal transplantation on sperm quality and sex hormone levels

To assess the effect of successful renal transplantation on semen variables, sexual function and sex hormone profiles in a clinical trial.

The 12‐year outcome analysis of an endourethral wallstent for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia

To evaluate the long‐term results of using the UrolumeTM endourethral prosthesis (American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, MN, USA) for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), an alternative minimally invasive option.

Venous thromboembolism following radical cystectomy: significant predictors, comparison of different anticoagulants and timing of events.

PURPOSE We determined the rate, timing and predictors of venous thromboembolism after open radical cystectomy for urothelial bladder cancer. We also compared the use of warfarin (1971 to 2008) and unfractionated heparin (2008 to 2012) as prophylaxis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 2,316 patients who underwent open radical cystectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection for urothelial bladder cancer with intent to cure at our institution between 1971 and 2012. The rate and timing of symptomatic venous thromboembolism that developed within 3 months of surgery was calculated in the cohort. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression was used to find significant predictors of symptomatic venous thromboembolism and compare the warfarin based and heparin based prophylaxis protocols. RESULTS A total of 109 symptomatic venous thromboembolism cases developed for a rate of 4.7%, including 2.1% for deep vein thrombosis and 2.6% for pulmonary embolism. Of these cases 57.8% developed after discharge home at a median of 20 days postoperatively (range 2 to 91). Four significant predictors of venous thromboembolism were identified, including body mass index (p = 0.0015), surgical margins (p = 0.025), diversion type (p = 0.023) and hospitalization duration (p <0.0001). Use of prophylactic heparin vs warfarin was not a significant predictor (p = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS Venous thromboembolism remains a significant complication of open radical cystectomy. Using an in-house, heparin based anticoagulation protocol consistent with current AUA (American Urological Association) guidelines has not decreased the rate of venous thromboembolism compared to historical warfarin use. On closer evaluation most venous thromboembolism cases in our population occurred after discharge home. Future studies are needed to establish the benefits of extended duration venous thromboembolism prophylaxis regimens that cover the critical post-hospitalization period.

Impact of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma variant histology on survival after radical cystectomy

OBJECTIVES The role of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (MUC) variant histology as an independent prognostic factor for survival after radical cystectomy has not been studied. Our aim was to examine the impact of MUC on survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the University of Southern California (USC) Bladder Cancer Database was performed. Between 1985 and 2008, 1,380 patients underwent radical cystectomy and superextended pelvic lymph node dissection for bladder cancer. All surgical specimens underwent central pathologic review by dedicated genitourinary pathologists. Histologic type was categorized as urothelial carcinoma (UC; n = 1,347) or MUC (n = 33). The outcomes were overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional regression models were used to analyze survival data. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 10 years (range, 0-25 years). Baseline characteristics were similar between histologic types except MUC was associated with advanced clinical (cTanyN1-3: 2% vs. 9%, P = 0.03) and pathologic (pTanyN1-3: 22% vs. 46%, P = 0.01) TNM stage, multifocality (38% vs. 58%, P = 0.02), and high nuclear grade (83% vs. 97%, P = 0.03). The predicted 5-year OS (61% and 67%, Log rank P = 0.96) and RFS (69% and 58%, Log rank P = 0.33) rates did not differ between patients with UC and MUC. Multivariable analysis showed that histologic type was not independently associated with OS (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.55-1.49, P = 0.70) or RFS (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.55-1.73, P = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of radical cystectomy for patients with MUC are similar to those with UC when controlling for other clinical and pathologic factors.

The association of preoperative serum albumin level and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score on early complications and survival of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for urothelial bladder cancer

To evaluate the impact of the preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score and serum albumin level on complications, recurrences and survival rates of patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial bladder cancer (UBC).

Ureteroenteric Strictures After Open Radical Cystectomy and Urinary Diversion: The University of Southern California Experience

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk factors, management, and outcomes of benign ureteroenteric strictures (UES) in patients undergoing open radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary diversion for urothelial bladder carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using our institutional review board-approved institutional bladder cancer database, we identified 1964 patients who underwent RC for urothelial bladder carcinoma between 1971 and 2008. Patients underwent a uniform refluxing ureteroenteric anastomosis technique to ileum. In patients with UES, we reviewed clinicopathologic, management, and outcome variables. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify independent UES predictors. RESULTS Forty-nine patients and 51 renal units were retrospectively identified with benign UES (2.6%). Median follow-up was 12.4 years (0.2-27.3 years) and median time from RC to UES diagnosis was 10 months (2 months-10 years). Although one-third were asymptomatic, common presentations included flank pain (22%) and urinary tract infection (9%). Thirty-one patients underwent primary endoscopic treatments, including dilatation and stenting, of whom, 13 patients (42%) underwent secondary endoscopic treatment and 9 patients (29%) underwent open revision. Three patients underwent primary open management. Median glomerular filtration rate did not change after management (49-48 mL/min); however, imaging showed improvement in 50% of cases. A multivariate logistic regression model revealed no association with age, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, perioperative radiation or chemotherapy, or preoperative serum albumin in predicting UES. CONCLUSION Benign UES are uncommon after RC and urinary diversion using a consistent meticulous surgical approach. More commonly on the left, UES generally present a few months after RC. Although no specific predisposing factor was determined, surgical technique plays an important role.

Incidental Prostate Cancer in Patients with Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: Comprehensive Analysis of 1,476 Radical Cystoprostatectomy Specimens

PURPOSE We identified risk factors and determined the incidence and prognosis of incidental, clinically significant prostatic adenocarcinoma, prostatic urothelial carcinoma and HGPIN in patients treated with radical cystoprostatectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the records of 1,476 patients without a history of prostatic adenocarcinoma. We determined the incidence of clinically significant prostatic adenocarcinoma, prostatic urothelial carcinoma and HGPIN in the total cohort and in select patient subgroups. Prostatic urothelial carcinoma was stratified as prostatic stromal and prostatic urethral/duct involvement. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with multiple variables. Recurrence-free and overall survival rates were calculated. Median followup was 13.2 years. RESULTS Of the 1,476 patients 753 (51.0%) had cancer involving the prostate. Prostatic adenocarcinoma, clinically significant prostatic adenocarcinoma, prostatic urothelial carcinoma and HGPIN were present in 37.9%, 8.3%, 21.1% and 51.2% of patients, respectively. Of the 312 patients (21.1%) with prostatic urothelial carcinoma 163 (11.0%) had prostatic urethral/duct involvement only and 149 (10.1%) had prostatic stromal involvement. We identified risk factors for clinically significant prostatic adenocarcinoma, prostatic urothelial carcinoma and HGPIN but the absence of these risk factors did not rule out their presence. Ten-year overall survival in patients with no prostatic urothelial carcinoma, and prostatic urethral/duct and prostatic stromal involvement was 47.1%, 43.3% and 21.7%, respectively (p<0.001). No patient with clinically significant prostatic adenocarcinoma died of prostatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS More than half of the patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy had cancer involving the prostate. Prostatic urothelial carcinoma, particularly with prostatic stromal involvement, was associated with a worse prognosis, while clinically significant prostatic adenocarcinoma did not alter survival. Preoperative clinical and histopathological risk factors are not reliable enough to accurately predict clinically significant prostatic adenocarcinoma and/or prostatic urothelial carcinoma.

Principal component analysis based pre-cystectomy model to predict pathological stage in patients with clinical organ-confined bladder cancer.

Whats known on the subject? and What does the study add?

A novel interface for the telementoring of robotic surgery

To prospectively evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel, second‐generation telementoring interface (Connect™; Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) for the da Vinci robot.