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Journal of Forensic Sciences | 1977

Cocaine and benzoylecgonine excretion in humans

Horace E. Hamilton; Jack E. Wallace; Eugene L. Shimek; P Land; Steven C. Harris; James Gordon Christenson

Maximal urinary excretion of unchanged cocaine occurred within 2 h of the intranasal absorption of 1.5 mg/kg body weight of cocaine hydrochloride, and diminished rapidly thereafter. Excretion of benzoylecgonine was maximal 4 to 8 h following administration of the drug and diminished slowly over an interval of several days. Peak cocaine and benzoylecgonine concentrations observed were 24 and 75 microgram/ml, respectively. Benzoylecgonine/cocaine ratios were too varied to allow estimation of cocaine concentrations from benzoylecgonine concentration data or vice versa. Benzoylecgonine concentrations generally exceeded the corresponding cocaine values by a wide margin, but excretion of free cocaine in the absence of benzoylecgonine was observed in one subject. Cocaine was generally detected for only approximately 8 h, and for a maximum of 12 h, whereas benzoylecgonine was generally detected by chromatographic or enzyme immunologic assays for 48 to 72 h. Benzoylecgonine was positively identified in urine by raidoimmunoassay for 96 to 144 h after dosing.


Clinical Toxicology | 1976

Enhancement of Alcohol Withdrawal Convulsions in Mice by Haloperidol

Kenneth Blum; Joseph D. Eubanks; Jack E. Wallace; Horace E. Hamilton

Based on the data presented here and the clinical observations cited it would appear that although haloperidol has been used with a certain degree of success for the treatment of acute alcohol abstinence the authors would like to caution the clinician against widespread use of heloperidol for treatment of alcohol withdrawal. In experimentally induced ethanol withdrawal, chlordiazepoxide appears to be a more effective and safer agent for ameliorating symptoms associated with excitation such as tremor, insomnia, anxiety, and hyperexcitability. A double blind comparative clinical investigation between chlordiazepoxide and haloperidol for treatment of alcohol withdrawal is warranted.


Journal of Chromatography A | 1975

Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in urine

Jack E. Wallace; Horace E. Hamilton; Harvey A. Schwertner; David E. King; J. L. McNay; Kenneth Blum

The sensitivity achieved by the described thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method greatly exceeds that of previously published TLC methods for the determination of cocaine and its principal metabolite, benzoylecgonine, in urine. Sensitivity for cocaine and benzoylecgonine approaches 0.1 and 0.25 mug/ml, respectively, for a 5.0-ml specimen. A simple extraction with a mixed organic solvent provides the basic mechanism for isolating the drugs from biologic specimens. Cocaine and its metabolites are stable in sulfuric acid solutions but labile in aqueous media containing certain other inorganic and organic acids; therefore, an emphasis on the utilization of sulfuric acid solutions is employed throughout the procedure. An evaluation of sensitivities achieved for cocaine and benzoylecgonine by various detection reagents is presented. The technique is applicable to drug screening programs.


Journal of Chromatography A | 1972

A sensitive thin-layer chromatography technique for determining morphine in urine

Jack E. Wallace; John D. Biggs; James H. Merritt; Horace E. Hamilton; Kenneth Blum

Abstract A screening procedure is described for determining morphine and other narcotics in acid-hydrolyzed urine. A simple pH adjustment and extraction are followed by washing the extracting solvent with a phosphate buffer which effectively removes hydrolytic products that normally produce inferior chromatograms. Interfering substances are discussed, with special reference to methadone, nicotine, caffeine, and phenothiazine compounds.


Journal of Chromatography A | 1977

Identification of selected antihypertensive drugs by thin-layer chromatography.

Jack E. Wallace; Horace E. Hamilton; Harold B. Skrdlant; Larry L. Burkett; Harvey A. Schwertner

A thin-layer chromatographic procedure is described for the qualitative identification of several antihypertensive drugs including certain thiazide diuretics spironolactone, triamterene, methyldopa and their metabolites. Utilization of new solvent developing systems and spray detecting reagents provides a method useful for the identification of these compounds in biologic fluids at low therapeutic concentrations. Sensitivity limits for these antihypertensive drugs are given, and alternate techniques to provide confirmatory analyses are also presented.


Analytical Chemistry | 1976

Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in urine

Jack E. Wallace; Horace E. Hamilton; David E. King; Diana J. Bason; Harvey A. Schwertner; Steven C. Harris


Analytical Chemistry | 1975

Determination of amitriptyline at nanogram levels in serum by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography

Jack E. Wallace; Horace E. Hamilton; Linda K. Goggin; Kenneth Blum


Analytical Chemistry | 1974

Determination of morphine in biologic fluids by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography

Jack E. Wallace; Horace E. Hamilton; Kenneth Blum; Clayton. Petty


Journal of Analytical Toxicology | 1977

An Evaluation of Selected Methods for Determining Cocaine and Benzoylecgonine in Urine

Jack E. Wallace; Horace E. Hamilton; James Gordon Christenson; Eugene L. Shimek; Pam Land; Steven C. Harris


Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences | 1972

Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Determining Methadone in Biological Specimens

Jack E. Wallace; Horace E. Hamilton; James T. Payte; Kenneth Blum

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Jack E. Wallace

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

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Kenneth Blum

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

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Eugene L. Shimek

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

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Harvey A. Schwertner

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

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Steven C. Harris

United States Department of Veterans Affairs

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David E. King

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

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Harold B. Skrdlant

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

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J. L. McNay

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

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Joseph D. Eubanks

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

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