Horace L. Hodes

Radioautographic Studies of Poliovirus Binding by Human Immunoglobulins.

Summary (1) By techniques of radioimmunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunodiffusion using radioactive poliovirus, it was shown that the quantity of poliovirus antibodies in a serum and the immunoglobulin class of these antibodies can be determined. (2) By these techniques it was shown that adult human serum contains A Immunoglobulin (IgA) poliovirus antibodies as well as G Immunoglobulin (IgG) polio antibodies. (3) Some sera contain a higher concentration of A Immunoglobulin (IgA) polio antibodies than G Immunoglobulin (IgG) polio antibodies.

Production of O and H agglutinins by a newborn infant infected with Salmonella st. paul

It has been shown previously that newborn infants vaccinated with killed Salmonella organisms produce little or no antibody against the somatic (O) antigen. However, a newborn infant who suffered an illness caused by Salmonella st. paul did produce a high titer of specific O and H agglutinins, both of which were IgM globulins.

Nonfatal Bulbospinal Paralysis due to ECHO 4 Virus.

The capacity of nonpolio enteroviruses to cause paralytic central nervous system disease has become increasingly apparent. With the suppression of poliovirus infection by mass immunization, the nonpolioviruses account for an increasing proportion of significant paralytic disease. An ECHO 4 virus was isolated from the spinal fluid of a 28-month-old child with severe bulbospinal paralysis. Clinical findings, indistinguishable from those of acute bulbospinal poliomyelitis, are described. The status of ECHO virus infection as a cause of significant paralytic disease is reviewed.

Electroencephalographic findings in measles encephalitis

Summary 1. All of the eight patients with measles encephalitis showed abnormal electroencephalographic findings soon after onset of their central nervous system disease. ( A ) In seven of these the electroencephalographic pattern became normal, and all of these children appear to have recovered without detectable evidence of permanent central nervous system injury. ( B ) In the case of the eighth child, the central nervous system damage did not improve, the electroencephalogram remained abnormal, and death resulted. 2. Six children who were convalescent from uncomplicated measles all showed normal electroencephalograms.

Cause of an outbreak of encephalitis established by means of complement-fixation tests.

Summary 1. By complement-fixation tests carried out with human sera, an outbreak of encephalitis which began on Okinawa in July, 1945, was promptly shown to be due to Japanese B virus. 2. The tests showed that at least 11 of 20 patients studied had suffered an attack of encephalitis caused by this virus.

Penicillin Prophylaxis and Neonatal Streptococcal Disease

Despite a number of efforts no means of preventing neonatal group B beta-hemolytic strep (GBS) infection by maternal treatment or immunization has proved effective. But impetus to a direct approach to the infant has been provided by the serendipitous discovery that routine penicillin prophylaxis for gonococcal ophthalmia may also protect against GBS. Large-scale controlled studies are now under way.

Production of Human-Mosquito Somatic Cell Hybrids and their Response to Virus Infection

Somatic cell hybridization techniques have given cell biologists a unique opportunity to obtain specific information concerning cellular function and gene expression. Intra- and inter-species hybrids have been produced by means of biochemical selection (Littlefield, 1964), viral induction (Harris and Watkins, 1965), or a combination of these methods (Miggiano et al., 1969).

American Pediatric Society Presidential Address

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LACTIC ACIDEMIA IN SICK NEONATES

163 blood lactic acid (LA) determinations were performed on 42 infants admitted to the Newborn Special Care Unit. Mean values:In the RDS group, all patients with LA >50mg% developed intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). IVH appeared to be more closely correlated to periods of increasing LA rather than decreased PaO2 or NaHCO3 therapy. No infant with LA>70mg% survived. All with >20mg% required assisted ventilation. Patients with rising LA had a poor prognosis. In cyanotic heart disease, a rise in LA was an early sign of decompensation and proved a valuable parameter for the timing of surgery. In general, increased LA was associated with increased serum osmolality, Na+ and glucose, but this relationship was not absolute. PaO2 could not be used as an index of LA. While increases in LA did not occur in some patients with PaO2≤40mm Hg, others with PaO2>50mm Hg developed severe lactic acidemia. Our data suggest that serial LAs provide both useful prognostic information and a more valid means of determining FiO2. LA determinations can be performed in 30 minutes.*CHD = Cyanotic Heart Disease, *RDS = Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

A manual of the common contagious diseases

newer conceptions of whooping cough and poliomyelitis vaccines, the rapid method of culturing diphtheria bacilli, and the xise of placental extract in the prevention of measles are all presented. It includes chapters on such diseases as the principles of contagion, serum reactions, common infectious diseases and general management of contagious diseases. Maladies such as the common cold, influenza, epidemic encephalitis, etc., have been excluded. Certain sections, especially that on anterior poliomyelitis, are particularly well written. The double-page chart on the various manifestations of this disease facilitates a clear understanding. Under diphtheria, the author rightly recommends the total amount of antitoxin needed be given at the first injection. In obstructed breathing, aspiration or intubation has been preferred to tracheotomy. While the risks of the latter seem to