Howard H. Chauncey

Modified Carlson-Crittenden Device for the Collection of Parotid Fluid

Abstract : Directions are given for the fabrication, cleaning, and sterilizing of a modified CarlsonCrittenden parotid fluid collecting device that has been use-tested by the authors in the collection of over 40,000 specimens. It has served particularly well in prolonged collections made with exogenous stimulants. The size of the device is such that it is easily adapted for use in making collections from dogs and other large experimental animals. (Author)

Parotid gland secretion rate as method for measuring response to gustatory stimuli in humans.

Summary Parotid gland secretion rate was employed for measuring human response to gustatory stimuli. Flow rate had a linear relationship to logarithm of frequency of stimulation (swabs/min). Increasing concentration of gustatory stimuli resulted in increased rates of secretion. The response was linear throughout for sucrose and quinine, but with citric acid and sodium chloride it was linear only with lower concentrations. Mathematical expression of relationship between glandular secretion rate and frequency of stimulation permitted calculation of maximal response and reflex equilibrium constants for the various stimuli employed. Results indicated that at least 3 different gustato-salivary reflex pathways were involved.

Composition of Human Saliva, Parotid Gland Secretory Rate, and Electrolyte Concentration in Mentally Subnormal Persons

Studies on institutionalized Mongoloids have shown that these individuals have little or no dental caries but do have severe periodontal disease.1-4 The salivary glands, with their readily accessible uncontaminated secretion, present a unique system for evaluating salivary-gland metabolism. Alterations in the composition of parotid saliva may be responsible factors for the unusual dental conditions of the Mongoloids. The electrolyte composition of blood serum in Mongoloids has been thoroughly studied,5 7 but no information heretofore has been reported on other body fluids. The purpose of the current investigation was to compare the secretion rate, pH, and electrolyte levels of Mongoloid and nonMongoloid persons to determine whether alterations in composition of parotid saliva would occur in Mongolism as was found in persons having cystic fibrosis.8

Effect of Acid Solutions on Human Gustatory Chemoreceptors as Determined by Parotid Gland Secretion Rate.

Summary Seventeen organic acids were used to evaluate the effect of (H+) concentration, total acid concentration, undissociated acid concentration, carbon chain length, polar groupings, and carbon to carbon double bonds on the stimulatory action of acids on human gustatory chemoreceptors. Parotid gland secretion rate was used to measure human response to the stimuli. Both hydrogen ion concentration and the chemical configuration of the anion were found to control the degree of response elicited.

Histochemical Localization of Hydrolytic Enzymes in Human Salivary Glands

AVAILABILITY of methods for the rapid collection of uncontaminated )Al human saliva greatly facilitate the study of salivary gland function. Accordingly, the chemistry of these secretions and metabolic status of the glands can be readily ascertained, whereas other human glands are less accessible. Although several previous investigations1-5 have indicated that the enzyme and electrolyte composition of saliva are influenced by various local and systemic factors, there is little information available concerning the intraglandular origin of the hydrolytic enzymes present in saliva. The current study was undertaken in an effort to determine the localization of acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterases, and f-D-galactosidase in the various cells comprising the parotid and submaxillary glands. In addition, it was desired to evaluate reaction intensity differences between the two glands and determine the effect of subject age on enzyme reactivity.

Histochemistry of human salivary gland tumors

Abstract The present investigation deals with the initial observations in eight cases of pleomorphic adenoma and three cases of papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum. Tissues were examined for acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterases, beta-D-galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, and leucine aminopeptidase. In pleomorphic adenoma the enzyme “activity pattern” of the epithelial elements was altered and did not exhibit any clear-cut resemblance to either normal duct or acinar cells. The enzyme “activity pattern” of the epithelial component in papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum was quite similar to the “activity pattern” of the ducts of normal salivary gland. However, the reaction intensity of the tumor was much greater than that noted in normal gland.

Human parotid gland secretion: flow rate and interrelationships of pH and inorganic components.

Summary Stimulated parotid saliva was collected from 50 individuals using flavored chicle as the stimulatory agent. Analysis of the flow rate and composition indicated a significant positive correlation between the flow rate and the pH, sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate contents. Intercorrelations between the various salivary constituents were also noted. No differences were found in the composition of saliva samples collected in the fasting and postprandial state. The composition of the parotid secretion was found to vary not only from person to person but between the two glands in the same person.

A modified method for the collection of human submaxillary and sublingual saliva

Abstract An improved method is described for the fabrication of an apparatus capable of collecting submaxillary and sublingual salivas with masticatory as well as gustatory stimuli. Evaluation of the functional efficacy indicated that (1) if the peripheral seals surrounding the collection chambers are adequate and (2) if the appliance has proper retention, then, except for naturally occurring anastomosis, there will be minimal intermixing of the submaxillary and sublingual secretions and little or no contamination by parotid saliva.

The production of beta-glucuronidase and hyaluronidase by streptococcus mitis☆

Abstract 1. 1. Microorganisms, isolated from human saliva, carious dentine, and periodontal pockets, which produced both beta-glucuronidase and hyaluronidase were alpha hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus mitis . 2. 2. The finding of three different strains of Streptococcus mitis is reported. 3. 3. Beta-glucuronidase and hyaluronidase titers from Streptococcus mitis were found to parallel one another. 4. 4. Beta-glucuronidase produced by Streptococcus mitis was found to be predominantly extracellular. 5. 5. Optimum conditions for the assay of beta-glucuronidase activity by Streptococcus mitis are described. 6. 6. The effect of sucrose in acid production on hyaluronidase and beta-glucuronidase activity by Streptococcus mitis was measured.

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF VERBAL SUGGESTION ON THE PAROTID GLAND RESPONSE TO GUSTATORY STIMULI.

Summary Two gustatory stimuli, water and citric acid, were presented sequentially to 16 subjects with and without direct verbal suggestions that water was sour and that citric acid was tasteless. Half of the subjects had been previously rated as “highly suggestible” and half as relatively “non-suggestible” according to a standardized suggestibility scale. The results showed that: (1) there was no significant variation in parotid secretion rates when the same stimulus was repeated during a single experimental session; (2) direct verbal suggestion significantly altered parotid gland secretion rates in both the “highly suggestible” and the relatively “non-suggestible” subjects.