Howard W. Matcham

New national and regional bryophyte records, 18

Feddes Repertorium 87: 188. 1976 [Euosmolejeunea cedercreutzii H.Buch & Perss., Commentationes Biologicae 8 (7): 9. 1941]. MADEIRA: on bark of moribund Erica, north side of Pico Topeiro, to east of Encumeada, ca 1150 m a.s.l., 8 April 2007, leg. T.L. Blockeel no. 36/102 (LISU, duplicate in Hb. Blockeel). AZORES: Terceira: in damp crevice of lava field, Misterio Negro, 10 km N.W. of Angra do Heroismo, UTM 75–87-, ca 650 m a.s.l., 15 July 1994, leg. J.W. Bates & R. Gabriel, no. 3498 (Hb. Bates); Terceira: on Laurus bark in steep forest, Terra Brava, about 1 km N.E. of Algar do Carvao, UTM 82–87-, ca 640 m a.s.l, 21 July 1994, leg. J.W. Bates & R. Gabriel, no. 3650 (Hb. Bates); Terceira: epiphyte on Juniperus in upper caldeira forest, Juncal, about 11 km N. of Angra do Heroismo, 22 July 1994, leg. J.W. Bates no. 3682 (Hb. Bates).

New national and regional bryophyte records, 10

The morphology of Anthoceros erectus Kash. and some other species. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 39: 568–594. Bharadwaj DC. 1965. Studies in Indian Anthocerotaceae (VI). Some aspects of morphology of Phaeoceros Prosk. Phytomorphology 15: 139–150. Bharadwaj DC. 1981. Taxonomy of Anthocerotales. In Bharadwaj DC, ed. Recent advances in cryptogamic botany. Lucknow: Palaeobotanical Society, 132– 151. Stephani F. 1923. Species Hepaticarum 6. Geneva, 425.

Additions to the bryoflora of Reunion Island 3: new and interesting records from the Tropical Bryology Group (British Bryological Society)

Abstract This contribution is a result of collaborative work based on the fieldwork organized during a workshop of the Tropical Bryology Group on Mascarene bryophytes in September 2008, and also from previous unpublished records of the authors. We add 35 new taxon records (17 mosses and 18 liverworts) as well as five other interesting records for Réunion Island (Mascarene Archipelago). Grimmia austrofunalis Müll. Hal., Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. subsp. magellanicum, Didymodon tectorum (Müll. Hal.) K. Saito, Anastrophyllum revolutum Steph. and Lejeunea exilis (Reinw. et al.) Grolle are reported for the first time for Africa. Syrrhopodon vardei L. T. Ellis, Ceratolejeunea papuliflora Steph. and Xylolejeunea grolleana (Pócs) X.-L. He & Grolle, previously known as endemic from Madagascar, are here recorded for Réunion. The latter species is also illustrated with SEM pictures.

Studies of protonemal morphogenesis in mosses. XI. Bryum and allied genera: a plethora of propagules

Abstract Asexual propagules found in the genus Bryum include rhizoidal and chloronemal tubers, axillary bulbils, chloronemal brood cells, and foliar and protonemal gemmae. While tubers and, to a lesser extent, axillary bulbils have been described in detail and used widely in the taxonomy of the genus, reports on the occurrence and morphology of protonemal gemmae are at best patchy, thus explaining their exclusion from any taxonomic and ecological evaluations of Bryum. Reported here is the first systematic survey of the occurrence of protonemal gemmae in 36 Bryum species and several related genera based on both wild and in vitro-grown specimens. Protonemal gemmae are described for the first time in 19 species; indeed the majority of Bryum species analysed produced protonemal gemmae in culture and subsequently these were also found in nature in many of the species. Compared with tubers (19 species) and bulbils (five species) protonemal gemmae (32 species) are the most ubiquitous asexual propagule in the genus. Overall gemma morphology within Bryum is fairly uniform: the gemmae are filamentous chloronemal derivatives and separate from the parent filament by the formation of a tmema (abscission) cell. Notable exceptions are the critically endangered B. schleicheri where clusters of apical choronemal branches detach by schizolysis and the highly branched gemmiferous protonemata of B. radiculosum which form from axillary rhizoids. While in the latter two species these unique gemma morphologies can be used for identification, overall protonemal gemmae are of much more limited use in Bryum taxonomy than rhizoidal tubers. Scanning electron microscopy, however, reveals that the protonemal gemmae in some species are highly ornamented, thus suggesting their possible future use in taxonomy alongside rhizoid papillosity. Although most of the genera allied to Bryum have vegetative propagules, very few produce protonemal gemmae. In those that do, only the gemmae of Mielichhoferia bryoides and Rhodobryum roseum have tmema cells and are remarkably similar to those of Bryum capillare and associated species. Gemma detachment in Epipterygium, Plagiomnium, Rhizomnium and Mnium is via schizolysis. Consideration of these gemma liberation mechanisms in relation to recent phylogenies of the Bryaceae suggests that schizolysis may be a synapomorphy for the Mniaceae. In vitro, gemma production is intrinsically linked to high nutrient availability in the substratum and there are indications that the same may also be true in nature. Ecologically, protonemal gemmae, presumably less long lived and less tolerant to desiccation than tubers, function in increasing the potential for initial establishment and localized spread of a given taxon, especially in situations where sporophytes are rarely produced.

Studies of protonemal morphogenesis in mosses. X. Ephemeraceae revisited; new dimensions underground

Abstract This systematic investigation of the filament systems in nine species of Ephemerum and two of Micromitrium revealed a range of new characters in the Ephemeraceae. Above ground most taxa have pointed chloronemata with widely spreading branches, whereas in Micromitrium, Ephemerum cohaerens and E. spinulosum, the branches are fastigiated. Four species of Ephemerum (E. sessile, E. cohaerens, E. spinulosum and E. hibernicum) have massive lipid-laden tubers, the last three with prominent spinulose side branches. Tubers, comprising chains of rounded cells, are described for the first time in Micromitrium. Unique to E. recurvifolium are starch-laden tubers and fragile chloronemal branches. The morphology of the diaspores reinforces the pottialean affinities of the Ephemeraceae. The production of long-lived tubers provides Ephemerum species predominantly found on lake and reservoir margins in the British Isles, with an alternative means of perennation on sites susceptible to inundation prior to sporophyte maturation.

Notothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull. in D. R. Congo and Uganda, new to Africa and N. javanica (Sande Lac.) Gottsche new to D. R. Congo (Anthocerotophyta, Notothyladaceae)

Abstract The hornwort Notothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull. is reported for the D. R. Congo and Uganda, new for Africa. It is characterized by bivalved capsules with strongly thickened exothecial cells, yellow spores and a minutely vermiculate spore wall. Earlier mentions of this taxon in Africa are based on the presence of N. decurva (Mitt.) Steph. This is also a yellow-spored species with vermiculate spore walls, but the capsules are indehiscent. It is not considered here as a synonym of N. orbicularis. Notothylas javanica (Sande Lac.) Gottsche is reported from the coastal zone of the D. R. Congo. It differs from N. decurva in the absence of pseudoelaters.

Dialytrichia fragilifolia (Bryopsida: Pottiaceae) in Berkshire and Caernarvonshire, new to Britain

Abstract Dialytrichia fragilifolia (Bizot & Cl. Roux) F.Lara has been found at two localities near the River Thames in Berkshire (v.-c. 22), southern England and also identified as a herbarium specimen from Caernarvonshire (v.-c. 49), North Wales. A description is presented based on the British material which is sterile. This moss is similar to D. mucronata but possesses fragile leaves and a bistratose leaf border with markedly crenate margins, particularly in the apical one-third of the leaf. Mature shoots often have a brush-like apex produced by the persistent costas. It appears to require shadier and less-frequently flooded conditions than D. mucronata. An earlier record of Syntrichia (Tortula) fragilis from Mont-St-Michel in north-west France is shown to be erroneous; the specimen (in E) is also D. fragilifolia. A survey of numerous Dialytrichia specimens held at NMW revealed a further British specimen of D. fragilifolia and also drew attention to the widespread occurrence in Britain, previously overlooked, of D. mucronata plants with fragile leaves. The pattern of leaf fragility differs between the two species. Previously, D. fragilifolia was known only from southern France, Portugal and western Spain. The new records together with other recent finds in Europe extend the range of this moss significantly northwards in western Europe.

Ditrichum pallidum (Hedw.) Hampe (Bryophyta, Ditrichaceae) in southern England, new to Britain

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