Hubert Kuszewski

Experimental investigations of a new type of fuelling system for heavy-duty diesel engines

This paper presents a new construction for a multi-hole injector as part of a new type of fuelling system for diesel engines, in which the injector needle performs a rotary swinging movement. During fuel injection, the needle changes the area of the atomising orifices. This design changes the shape of atomised fuel sprays and impacts on their properties. The results of experimental investigations of the new type of fuelling system show that fuel sprays formed using a rotary swinging needle injector differ from those generated by a standard injector.

Experimental study on antiwear properties for blends of jet fuel with bio-components derived from rapeseed oil

Antiwear properties of jet fuel, two kinds of biocomponents derived from rapeseed oil and their mixtures were investigated experimentally. Antiwear properties were estimated by the value of the scuffing load and the limiting load of scuffing applied to the friction pair working in a fuel medium. Biocomponents, mainly rapeseed oil FAME and rapeseed oil FAME modified via vacuum distillation were used during the study. It is found that lubricity of biocomponents is significantly higher comparing to conventional jet fuel. It is explained by the chemical composition of FAME: highly polarity of molecules stipulate their good adsorption at the surface of friction pair. High viscosity of biocomponents due to chemical structure positively influence on their lubricity. Adding biocomponents into jet fuel results in strengthening of boundary film and thus improves antiwear properties of fuel blends. It is determined that FAME modified via vacuum distillation possesses better lubricating ability comparing to standard FAME derived from rapeseed oil. Correlation between viscosity and lubricity of fuel is shown.

An assessment of consistence of exhaust gas emission test results obtained under controlled NEDC conditions

Measurements concerning emissions of pollutants contained in automobile combustion engine exhaust gases is of primary importance in view of their harmful impact on the natural environment. This paper presents results of tests aimed at determining exhaust gas pollutant emissions from a passenger car engine obtained under repeatable conditions on a chassis dynamometer. The test set-up was installed in a controlled climate chamber allowing to maintain the temperature conditions within the range from -20°C to +30°C. The analysis covered emissions of such components as CO, CO2, NOx, CH4, THC, and NMHC. The purpose of the study was to assess repeatability of results obtained in a number of tests performed as per NEDC test plan. The study is an introductory stage of a wider research project concerning the effect of climate conditions and fuel type on emission of pollutants contained in exhaust gases generated by automotive vehicles.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ANTIWEAR PROPERTIES FOR BLENDS OF JET FUEL WITH BIO-COMPONENTS DERIVED FROM RAPESEED OIL

A . I a k o v l i e v a Assisstant* E-mail: pinchuk_anya@ukr.net H . K u s z e w s k i PhD, associate professor** E-mail: hkuszews@prz.edu.pl O . V o v k Doctor of Sciences, associate professor* E-mail: o.a.vovk@mail.ru S . B o i c h e n k o Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor** E-mail: chemmotology@ukr.net K . L e j d a Doctor of Sciences, professor** E-mail: klejda@prz.edu.pl M . J a k u b o w s k i PhD, associate professor** E-mail: mjakubow@prz.edu.pl *Ecology department National aviation university Kosmonavta Komarova, 1, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03058 **Department of internal combustion engines and transport Rzeszow university of technology 8 Povstancov Warshavy ave., Rzeszow, Poland, 35-959 Досліджено протизносні властивості палива для ПРД, двох видів біокомпонентів, отриманих з ріпакової олії та їх сумішей. Встановлено, що змащувальна здатність біокомпонентів є вищою у порівнянні з нафтовим паливом для ПРД. Додавання біокомпонентів призводить до зміцнення граничної плівки та поліпшує протизносні властивості паливних сумішей. Встановлено, що модифікування біокомпонентів підвищує їх змащувальну здатність у порівнянні зі стандартними біокомпонентами Ключові слова: паливо для ПРД, альтернативне паливо, зношування, біокомпоненти, змащуюча здатність, навантаження до задирання, тертя

The study on injection parameters of selected alternative fuels used in diesel engines

The paper presents selected results concerning fuel charging and spraying process for selected alternative fuels, including regular diesel fuel, rape oil, FAME, blends of these fuels in various proportions, and blends of rape oil with diesel fuel. Examination of the process included the fuel charge measurements. To this end, a set-up for examination of Common Rail-type injection systems was used constructed on the basis of Bosch EPS-815 test bench, from which the high-pressure pump drive system was adopted. For tests concerning the spraying process, a visualisation chamber with constant volume was utilised. The fuel spray development was registered with the use of VisioScope (AVL).

Experimental Study of Spray Generated by a New Type of Injector with Rotary Swinging Needle

Numerous papers have indicated that the present standard systems of injecting fuel directly into the combustion chamber, in the most economical, direct-injection diesel engines, have reached the limits of development. In order to maintain the emission of toxic components of exhaust gases within the ranges defined by both EURO V and projected EURO VI standards, various modifications to the combustion system will be necessary. It is known that injection through a conventional multi-hole nozzle, in combination with induced swirl in the air in the chamber, does not ensure that particulates and oxides of nitrogen are not formed. These toxic components are among the most difficult to subsequently remove from the exhaust gases (Hiroyasu & Arai, 1990; Peake, 1997; Kuszewski & Lejda, 2009). Effective limitation of NOX and PM emission can be achieved by providing proper macro structure parameters of the spray. First of all, it is very important to distribute fuel effectively in the combustion chamber, considering the rotary motion of the air and the spray shape (Beck et al., 1988; Durnholz & Kruger, 1997; Kollmann & Bargende, 1997). Next, a larger range of the spray front and apex angle of spray is needed (Kollmann & Bargende, 1997; Kuszewski & Lejda, 2009). Moreover, it is important to know the distribution of fuel in the spray, because then it is possible to select the correct rotary motion of the charge in the cylinder, which will guarantee as effective a mix of the air and the fuel as is possible. A fuel spray with a different macro structure might have an important effect on these processes; however it is necessary to use a different type of injector, a new type of construction and modus operandum (Varde and Popa, 1983; Kuszewski, 2002). The design for such a device forms the subject of this paper (Metz & Seika, 1998; Szlachta & Kuszewski, 2002; Szymanski & Zablocki, 1992). The special feature of the spray nozzle of this injector is the variability of the fuel-spraying holes during injection. The variability of the cross-sections of these holes is achieved by the rotary swinging movement of the needle (RSN injector). The results of investigations described below show that a spray generated by this injector design has macro-structural parameters that differ from those of a standard traditional injector. 4