Hugh Clout

Migration in post-war Europe : geographical essays

This book examines the different types of migration that have occurred in Europe since the last war, concentrating on long-distance moves since these are arguably the ones of most significance for the balance of a regional population distribution. The book is a series of extended essays, each dealing with a particular migration theme. Four essays look specifically at Western Europe: rural-urban migration; international labour migration (both from the point of view of destination countries and the countries of supply) and inter-urban migration. Each essay reviews the general situation in Western Europe and then concentrates on case examples in more detail. A fifth essay considers migration in Eastern Europe, allowing comparison between the situation in command economies and those in Western Europe. The book is well illustrated with maps and diagrams and comprehensive bibliographies are provided. Readership: students of social geography and migration studies; those working with migrants.

Geography and population : approaches and applications

(partial) Spatial population accounting, P H Rees & A L Conve . Population geography at micro-scale: residential mobility and public policy, W A V Clark. Population geography and ageing, D T Rowland. Population geography and social provision, R M Prothero & W T S Gou d. Population geography in Britain, H R Jones. Population geography in France, D Noin. Population geography in the German Democratic Republic, E Weber. Population geography in Poland, A Jagielski. Population geography in India, G S Gosal. Population geography in Mexico, M T G de MacGregor. The Japanese approach to population geography, A Otomo. The Chinese approach to population geography, S Panshou. Population theory and policy in the Islamic World, M E-S Ghallab.

Albert Demangeon, 1872–1940: Pioneer of La Géographie Humaine

Abstract Demangeon had great influence on La Géographie Humaine in France during the first half of the 20th century but now his work is largely forgotten. He made major contributions to economic, historical and political geography, and wrote more for the Geographie Universelle conceived by Vidal de La Blache than any other scholar. Drawing on his publications and a selection of letters he received from 1904 to 1917, this article explores Demangeons research on the British Isles, and his visionary books on the British Empire and the relative decline of Europe in global economic affairs. Despite unflagging commitment and productivity, he failed to complete a long‐established project for a comprehensive text on human geography, leaving that branch of the discipline vulnerable compared with the scientific logic of physical geography and the encyclopaedic demands of regional studies.

Geographers in Their Ivory Tower: Academic Geography and Popular Geography in Paris 1931

Abstract: French academic geography achieved remarkable success during the 1920s making Paris an appropriate location for the XIIIth International Geographical Congress to meet in 1931. These scholarly activities were counterpoised by expressions of an exotic ‘popular geography’ at the great Exposition Coloniale staged in the French capital at the same time. At the Congress, French academics displayed their research achievements in denudation chronology, rural settlement studies and cartography, extending their work from the Hexagon to parts of the Empire. Patronage by leading professors in Paris and Grenoble clearly played a vital role in shaping the discipline. The location and content of excursions for visiting scholars also highlighted French achievements and suggested what remained to be done. Scrutiny of activities at the XIIIth IGC reveals a profession whose official pronouncements appear isolated from the momentous economic and political changes triggered by global depression at that time.

The great reconstruction of towns and cities in France 1918–35

During World War I the towns and cities of northern France experienced widespread devastation, with some being literally erased from the landscape. Reconstruction during the decade and a half after the Armistice offered potential for experimenting with modernist ideas in architecture and planning, as well as following the traditions of regionalisme. Drawing on a selection of examples, this article explores the impact of destruction, reinvention of urban tradition, injection of international ideas and styles, and installation of garden suburbs. As the largest urban place to suffer extreme loss, particular attention is directed to the rebuilding of Reims. Over the last decade, the taken‐for‐granted townscapes of reconstruction have received scholarly investigation and have been recognized as heritage features that may help sustain local strategies for economic survival.During World War I the towns and cities of northern France experienced widespread devastation, with some being literally erased from the landscape. Reconstruction during the decade and a half after the Armistice offered potential for experimenting with modernist ideas in architecture and planning, as well as following the traditions of régionalisme. Drawing on a selection of examples, this article explores the impact of destruction, reinvention of urban tradition, injection of international ideas and styles, and installation of garden suburbs. As the largest urban place to suffer extreme loss, particular attention is directed to the rebuilding of Reims. Over the last decade, the taken‐for‐granted townscapes of reconstruction have received scholarly investigation and have been recognized as heritage features that may help sustain local strategies for economic survival.

Problems of rural planning in the auvergne

(1969). Problems of rural planning in the auvergne. Planning Outlook: Vol. 6, No. 1-2, pp. 29-37.

Jules Sion, Alan Grant Ogilvie and the College des Ecossais in Montpellier: A network of geographers

Abstract The ‘new geography’ propounded by Vidal de La Blache in the early years of the 20th century was diffused by his protégés in France and abroad. Field classes played a significant role in the process, with the Collège des Ecossais, established by Patrick Geddes at Montpellier, providing an ideal base for British students to study the natural and cultural landscapes of the component pays of southern France. The careers of Jules Sion and Alan Grant Ogilvie are explored in this article, and practical links between French and British geographers are exemplified through experiences of fieldwork in the Languedoc before and after World War II. Networks of professional contact and friendship are vital in understanding how the practice of modern geography has been shaped.

Ruins and revival: Paris in the aftermath of the second world war

Although many devastated European cities have been studied, the bombing and reconstruction of key industrial sites and certain suburban residential zones in greater Paris have received little scholarly attention. Using archival sources, this article explores both destruction and reconstruction, and traces how homeless families shared apartments or endured years of ‘temporary’ accommodation in huts and other shelters. Post‐war economic planning in France privileged the restoration of industrial and commercial sites; rebuilding of housing by the state, by housing co‐operatives and by individual property owners received less support and progressed far more slowly. Today, the visual legacy of reconstruction is easily confused with that of completely new post‐war apartments; however its origin, if not its architecture, is distinctively different and merits recognition in its own right.

Place Annihilation and Urban Reconstruction: The Experience of Four Towns in Brittany, 1940 to 1960

Devastation, revival and reconstruction form guiding themes in this discussion of annihilated settlements in north‐west France. For reasons of deep‐water access and strategic location, the German occupiers decided to construct massive submarine bases at Brest, Lorient and Saint‐Nazaire. Allied bombardment devastated the towns that surrounded them during the Second World War, while the heavily defended walled port of Saint‐Malo was annihilated in 1944. With peace restored, prisoners of war and local labourers cleared mines, removed debris and installed large quantities of temporary housing. Development plans, drawn up in the interwar years, provided an important starting point for subsequent master plans which shaped postwar reconstruction. Working under the guidance of the Ministry of Reconstruction and Urbanism, chief planners, architects and reconstruction cooperatives refashioned property units and engineered the rebuilding of Brest, Lorient and Saint‐Nazaire along thoroughly modern lines; by contrast, Saint‐Malo was rebuilt much as it had been before the war. Many of the buildings of the 1950s now require refurbishment, and urgent initiatives need to be taken to revitalise the local economies of these reconstructed towns, whose role as naval bases, military arsenals and shipbuilding centres has contracted in the wake of political détente and deindustrialisation.

The reconstruction of Upper Normandy: a tale of two cities.

The industrial ports of the lower Seine valley experienced serious destruction at every stage of World War II. One-tenth of all the dwellings destroyed during the war had been located in Seine-Inferieure, with inner districts of Rouen and Le Havre and many smaller towns being reduced to ruins. Removal of mines and debris was followed by the installation of temporary accommodation, some of which still survives. The master plan for the reconstruction of Rouen, devised by Jacques Greber and mediated by the wishes of the citys businessmen, combined a respect for traditional structures around the cathedral on the right bank of the Seine with striking modernism on the left bank. Auguste Perrets plan for Le Havre produced a thoroughly modern townscape of wide streets and apartment blocks, which evoked the main outline of the previous street plan. Almost half a century following their reconstruction, the inner districts of Rouen and Le Havre serve as powerful in the history of W orld W ar II lieux de memoire an...