Hugo Tourinho Filho

Half-ironman induces changes in the kidney function of triathletes

Long duration exercise may lead to the occurrence of urine abnormalities. Aiming to investigate the effects of triathlon training and competition on the renal function, twelve male triathletes (32.60 ± 5.10 years, 175.04 ± 6.67m, 71.83 ± 7.42Kg) were studied during the 12-week training protocol and after a Half Ironman. Urine was collected in M-1 - beginning of the training season, M-2 - before the competition and M-3 - after the half ironman. Urine pH was measured using reagent strips, density with a refractometer, proteinuria by Bradford assay, creatinine with a colorimetric assay and blood cells by microscopy. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test, One-Way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p < 0,05). Changes were found after the competition in the protein (M-1= 7.41 ± 2.48; M-2= 7.57 ± 3.74; M-3= 86.10 ± 76.21 mg/mL), creatinine (M-1= 157.66 ± 41.59; M-2= 177.68 ± 44.46; M-3= 316.46 ± 132.86 mg/mL), erythrocytes (M-1= 1060.00 ± 0.30; M-2= 1142.86 ± 377.96; M-3= 52555.56 ± 58.65 units/mL) and leucocytes (M-1= 2375.00 ± 744.02; M-2= 2090.00 ± 0.50; M-3= 5000.00 ± 2738.60 units/mL) excretion when compared to the other collection times. These effects are probably due to the exercise-induced modifications in the glomerular membrane and endocrine variables such as anti diuretic hormone, catecholamines and aldosterone.

EFEITOS DO TREINAMENTO COMBINADO SOBRE A FORÇA, RESISTÊNCIA E POTÊNCIA AERÓBICA EM IDOSAS

Introducao: O envelhecimento traz varias modificacoes, entre as quais o declinio progressivo das funcoes fisiologicas do organismo. Tanto o treino de forca quanto um programa de resistencia aerobica sao importantes para evitar o declinio funcional associado a idade. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento combinado de forca e resistencia aerobica sobre a forca de preensao manual, a massa muscular, a resistencia e potencia aerobica de idosas. Metodos: Trinta e cinco mulheres (65,7 ± 6,68 anos) foram divididas em tres grupos: treinamento combinado (TC; n = 15), treinamento de forca (TF; n = 10) e treinamento aerobico (TA; n = 10). Cada grupo treinou duas vezes por semana durante oito semanas, sendo que o grupo TC teve treinamento de forca e aerobico uma vez por semana. Foi utilizado o teste estatistico ANOVA e t de Student, com p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Foi possivel verificar melhoras significativas (p ≤ 0,05) dos valores de VO2pico no momento da determinacao do limiar anaerobico e aumento na forca de preensao manual em todos os grupos pesquisados, assim como dos valores de massa muscular do vasto lateral (p ≤ 0,05). Conclusao: Os resultados sugerem que um programa de treinamento combinado e tao eficaz para ocasionar aumentos de massa muscular, potencia e resistencia aerobica de idosas, quanto o treinamento de resistencia aerobica ou forca realizado duas vezes por semana, organizados separadamente.

Positive effects of total recovery period on anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines are not linked to performance re-establishment in overtrained mice.

Abstract The association between excessive training sessions (i.e., overtraining/OT) and periods of inadequate recovery is linked to the nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) state, which is defined as an unexplained decrement or stagnation of performance. The cytokine hypothesis of OT considers that pro‐inflammatory cytokines are responsible by the NFOR state‐induced performance decrement. Investigations using rodent models of OT verified increased levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in hypothalamus, liver, serum and skeletal muscle samples. Recently, our research group observed that a 2‐week total recovery period was not able to re‐establish the NFOR state‐induced performance decrement. As the responses of anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were not measured, we aimed to investigate the effects of 2‐week total recovery period on the protein contents of IL‐1beta, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐15, TNF‐alpha and SOCS‐3 in serum and skeletal muscle samples of overtrained mice. Also, a bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate the correlations of IL‐1beta, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐15, TNF‐alpha and SOCS‐3 in skeletal muscle with locomotor activity. In summary, the 2‐week total recovery period upregulated the anti‐inflammatory cytokines and normalized the pro‐inflammatory cytokines without a concomitant re‐establishment of performance.

Effects of 22 weeks of training on functional markers and match performance of young soccer players

The aim of this study was to verify the effects of 22 weeks of training on functional markers and match performance through the use of earned points in competition. Twenty male soccer players were submitted to the same group of tests in four moments of the periodization: before the preparatory stage (T0); after the preparatory stage (T1); after the competitive stage I (T2); after the competitive stage II (T3). The functional markers were measured using the vertical and horizontal jump, T-40; Shuttle Run Test and RAST. The match performance was obtained by earned points in competition. An increase were found for all the variables analyzed for functional markers when T0 was compared with T3. In relation to the match performance, the team obtained 83.33% success in competitive stages. It is possible to conclude that training plan was efficient to improve technical-tactical skills and physical fitness of the studied athletes.

El análisis de los suplementos de hidratos de carbono en solución isotónica y parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos de jugadores profesionales de fútbol en entrenamiento real

Avaliou-se o efeito de uma suplementacao com carboidratos e bebidas esportivas sobre parâmetros laboratoriais em atletas de futebol de campo, em uma situacao real de treina- mento. Foram coletados 10 ml de sangue venoso e 50 ml de urina em repouso e 15 minutos apos treinamento. Os resultados mostram que o exercicio intenso causou um variavel grau de estase urinaria, bem como provocou alteracoes hidroeletroliticas caracterizadas por uma diminuicao na concentracao serica de sodio, potassio, magnesio, fosforo e glicose (p<0,05), que nao foi modificada por nenhum tipo de protocolo de suplementacao nas condicoes propostas no presente estudo. A suplementacao eletrolitica proposta mostrou-se limitada para evitar variacoes eletroliticas e que a reposicao deve ser avaliada a luz de um contexto ambiental e de treinamento.

Analysis of carbohydrate supplementation and isotonic solution hematological and biochemical parameters on professional soccer players in real training

Avaliou-se o efeito de uma suplementacao com carboidratos e bebidas esportivas sobre parâmetros laboratoriais em atletas de futebol de campo, em uma situacao real de treina- mento. Foram coletados 10 ml de sangue venoso e 50 ml de urina em repouso e 15 minutos apos treinamento. Os resultados mostram que o exercicio intenso causou um variavel grau de estase urinaria, bem como provocou alteracoes hidroeletroliticas caracterizadas por uma diminuicao na concentracao serica de sodio, potassio, magnesio, fosforo e glicose (p<0,05), que nao foi modificada por nenhum tipo de protocolo de suplementacao nas condicoes propostas no presente estudo. A suplementacao eletrolitica proposta mostrou-se limitada para evitar variacoes eletroliticas e que a reposicao deve ser avaliada a luz de um contexto ambiental e de treinamento.