Humberto Ríos Bolívar

Innovación tecnológica como mecanismo para impulsar el crecimiento económico. Evidencia regional para México

El objetivo de este articulo es analizar el papel que juega la innovacion tecnologica en la dinamica del crecimiento economico regional en Mexico. Para tal proposito se utiliza un modelo que involucra una funcion de innovacion y una funcion de produccion para establecer el nivel de interaccion entre las variables de innovacion y de crecimiento economico. Para el analisis econometrico se utiliza informacion estadistica por entidad federativa, correspondiente al periodo de 1994 a 2008. Se estima un modelo con datos de panel, cuyos resultados muestran que existe un efecto positivo y diferenciado entre variables que incorporan en alguna medida la innovacion tecnologica, como son las patentes, el gasto en I+D, entre otros, asi como el crecimiento del Producto Interno Bruto.

Difusión de la innovación y comercio internacional: la relación entre México y Estados Unidos

This paper analyses the long run relation among innovation, technological diffusion and international trade, based on the ricardian specialization model of Eaton y Kortum (2007). Particularly, we apply cointegration techniques for estimating the determinants of researchers’ rate in Mexico inside the commercial relationship with United States in the period 1980-2006, and hence to establish the existence of stable relations among the considered variables. The rate at which ideas are created in United States is considerably higher than the rate in the Mexican economy. Nevertheless, researcher productivity seems higher in Mexico, although with less effectiveness for reducing costs. Considering differences in the rate of ideas’ creation between both economies which, in turn, affects researchers’ rate, we argue that Mexican economy specializes in researching inside the low and medium technology sectors.

Determinantes microeconómicos del acceso al financiamiento externo de la estructura de capital de empresas del sector industrial

The aim of this paper is to analyze using an econometric panel data model, for fixed and random effects, microeconomic determinants of access to external financing that affect the capital structure of companies in the industrial sector, which were listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (BMV) in 2000-2010, in order to demonstrate that the international financial crisis of 2007, modifies the relationship between these determinants and capital structure, which explains the changes in the policy of foreign currency funding that followed these companies. The findings show that export firms, issuers of ADRs (American depositary receipts) and the big large are finance in foreign currency before the crisis, and after it, only export firms and issuers of ADRs, although in a higher proportion export firms, which shows that to have better way to solve their problems of asymmetric information with your creditors, to have good collaterals in accounts receivable in foreign currency, and give investors a positive sign of a good economic situation, attained to continue financing in foreign currency despite the crisis.