Huseyin Avni Balcioglu

Displacement of a maxillary third molar into the buccal space: anatomical implications apropos of a case

A few cases of accidental displacement of molars into adjacent anatomical spaces, such as the infratemporal fossa, the pterygomandibular space, the maxillary sinus, or the lateral pharyngeal space, during surgical interventions have been reported. This report describes the displacement of a maxillary third molar into the buccal space and discusses the anatomical implications.

Horizontal migration of pre- and postnatal mental foramen: An anatomic study

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the horizontal migration of the human mental foramen before and after birth. METHODS 54 formalin-fixed fetuses between 17 and 32 weeks of gestation, and 94 panoramic radiographs of children aged between 4 and 12 years were investigated. The distances between the mental foramen and mental symphysis, and the distances between the posterior border of the mandibular ramus and mental foramen were determined according to development periods. RESULTS Our results confirm that the mental foramen moves in a posterior direction during the development of the mandible. CONCLUSION The horizontal location of the pre- and postnatal mental foramen changes in a posterior direction as the development progresses, however, prenatal mental foramen features an irregular behavior, while the postnatal mental foramen gradually migrates posteriorly in a regular pattern.

Volumetric assessment of lateral pterygoid muscle in unilateral chewing: a stereologic study.

Unilateral chewing habit is common in dentate populations. It may initiate a hypertrophy process in the lateral pterygoid muscles compared with the nonused sides. We hypothesized that the lateral pterygoid muscles of the affected sides would be larger in volume than those of the nonaffected sides in subjects with unilateral chewing habit. Because analysis of medical images in accordance with the rules of modern stereology enables precise unbiased estimates of muscle volume, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a criterion standard as an imaging modality for the analysis of muscles because of its excellent soft-tissue resolution, we estimated lateral pterygoid muscle volume both at right and left sides using stereologic techniques (Cavalieri principle) by means of MRI. The MRI-estimated volumes of both the inferior and the superior heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle at the chewing side were significantly greater than the opposite side when compared. This finding may assist in the interpretation of lateral pterygoid muscle and temporomandibular joint-related problems in maxillofacial surgery clinics. This investigation has also demonstrated that systematically sampled MRI slices through the lateral pterygoid muscle can be used to obtain unbiased estimates.

Multiple Morphological Variations in a Human Mandible

En una mandibula humana se detecto puente milohioideo bilateral, hiperplasia del proceso coronoides y el proceso condilar bifido. Es de interes que se puedan producir dichas anomalias morfologicas en la misma mandibula. Es esencial un conocimiento solido de las variaciones anatomicas de la mandibula, en conjuncion con una revision preoperatoria cuidadosa de las radiografias, en el desempeno seguro y completo de la rehabilitacion quirurgica y protesica. Los autores del presente estudio estiman que este caso puede aportar informacion a la literatura existente.

Topical single-dose vascular endothelial growth factor has no effect on soft tissue healing

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in dermal wounds has been evaluated for evidence that it plays a probable role in wound healing. Events such as increased vascular permeability and concentration of inflammatory cells on the site of injury, produced by VEGF, were linked to tissue repair. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of single-dose topical administration of VEGF on wound healing. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar albino rats weighing 250-280 g were used in this study. In addition, 2-cm-long skin incisions were created over bilaterally exposed skin of the tibia region in each rat. VEGF plasmid 2 μg was administered locally into the right side wound bed of each animal. No other procedure besides skin closure was administered on the left side. To determine histologic assessments, skin samples were obtained from six anesthetized rats at each interval (4, 8, 12, 16 and 30 days) through excisional biopsy. The tissues were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin for 1 week and then embedded in paraffin wax. Transverse sections of the embedded tissue 5-7 μm thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). Results: There was no significant difference regarding necrosis, epithelialization, inflammation, fibroblast activity, ulcerative formation, or hemorrhage between experimental and control groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups regarding granulation tissue formation and epidermal thickness. Conclusion: The administration method and dosage of VEGF is a major factor in terms of its effectiveness. The results of the present study did not evaluate the effectiveness of single-dose 2 μg topical administration of VEGF; however, various doses of VEGF plasmid should be tested in future studies in order to provide beneficial effects from topical administration of VEGF.

Future Perspectives of Anatomy in Dental Education: Quo Vadis?

Los anatomistas comenzaron a familiarizarse con un debate sobre la integracion de las ciencias basicas en el contexto clinico, o viceversa. Aunque diversas modalidades educativas en los programas de la escuela de odontologia y estrategias del plan de estudios anatomicos han cambiado, las prioridades en la ensenanza de la anatomia y la emergencia de presentar los conceptos fundamentales para integrar los conocimientos de ciencias basicas de los estudiantes en la clinica de llevar a los educadores a desarrollar nuevos metodos de ensenanza. La busqueda en la mejora de la eficiencia y el impacto de la presentacion de los conocimientos a los estudiantes con el fin de originar en la evaluacion una retroalimentacion positiva debe ser una de las principales responsabilidades de los educadores en ciencias basicas. Los nuevos gold standarts, como herramientas informaticas de aprendizaje y laboratorios de instruccion asistida por computadora pueden ser los puntos gatillo para la percepcion de la audiencia en las facultades de odontologia. A la luz de estas consideraciones, la Sociedad Anato mica debe designar urgentemente perspectivas futuras.

The Effects of Ovariectomy and Naproxen Treatment on the Strength of Femoral Midshaft and Molar Alveolar Region in Rats

El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar los efectos de la ovariectomia y el tratamiento con naproxeno sobre la masa y la competencia biomecanica del femur y hueso mandibular. Fueron utilizadas ratas Sprague-Dawley, la que se dividieron en cinco grupos: referencia, ovariectomizadas simuladas, ovariectomizadas, ovariectomizadas simuladas + tratamiento naproxeno, ovariectomizadas + tratamiento naproxeno. Las mandibulas y los femures de las ratas fueron extraidos y se determino la densidad mineral osea (DMO) de las muestras extraidas. Los volumenes y pesos de la ceniza fueron estimados. Las cargas maximas de las mandibulas y femures se determinaron utilizando un ensayo de flexion de tres puntos. La ovariectomia disminuyo la densidad mineral osea de la diafisis media del femur; sin embargo, el naproxeno impidio esta disminucion. Ninguna ovariectomia sin tratamiento de naproxeno afecto a la DMO en la region alveolar molar. La carga maxima se encontro significativamente disminuida en las diafisis femoral media, pero por el tratamiento de naproxeno no se produjo esta disminucion. La carga maxima de la region alveolar molar no cambio en ninguna condicion. El naproxeno previene los cambios de resistencia causados por la ovariectomia de la diafisis media del femur. Sin embargo, ni la ovariectomia ni el naproxeno tienen un efecto en la region alveolar molar de la mandibula.

The effects of stabilization splint treatment on the volume of masseter muscle in sleep bruxism patients

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate, quantitatively, the volumetric effects of stabilization splint therapy on the masseter muscle of sleep bruxism (SB) patients. Methods: The magnetic resonance (MR) images of 16 SB patients diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG) who used stabilization splints for four months were obtained before and after the therapy. The masseter muscle volume was calculated using Cavalieri’s principle on the MR images. Results: After the splint therapy, the mean volume of the masseter muscle did not reduce significantly. The fat and/or water content of the muscles did not change either. Discussion: The stabilization splint therapy had no effect on the volume, fat and/or water content of the masseter muscle; however the discomfort was reduced in the patients. Although the effect of splint therapy is not fully understood, the non-invasive and reversible stabilization splint can be used in SB patients because of its relaxation effect on muscles.

Rebaudioside A inhibits pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in rats

The safety of patients with epilepsy consuming sweetening agents, which is becoming increasingly prevalent for various reasons, is a topic that should be emphasized as sensitively as it is for other diseases. Patients with epilepsy consume sweetening agents for different reasons such being diabetic or overweight. They can occasionally be exposed to sweetening agents unrestrainedly through consuming convenience food, primarily beverages. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rebaudioside A (Reb‐A), which is a steviol glycoside produced from the herb Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), on epileptic seizures and convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Forty‐eight male rats were used. Twenty‐four rats were administered 35 mg/kg PTZ to trigger epileptiform activity; the remaining 24 rats were administered 70 mg/kg PTZ to trigger the convulsion model. The epileptiform activity was evaluated by spike percentage, whereas convulsion was evaluated by Racines Convulsion Scale and the onset time of the first myoclonic jerk. Statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in the Racines Convulsion Scale score and increase in the latency of first myoclonic jerk in a dose‐dependent manner for the rat groups in which PTZ epilepsy had been induced and Reb‐A had been administered. For the groups that were administered Reb‐A, the spike decrease was apparent in a dose‐dependent manner, based on the spike percentage calculation. These results indicated that Reb‐A has positive effects on PTZ‐induced convulsions.