Hüseyin Toman

The protective effects of dexmedetomidine against apoptosis in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

Abstract Objective: Dexmedetomidine is an alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist and can be used for postoperative sedation, analgesia and anesthesia-sparing properties. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the central nervous system have been shown in experimental studies. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine against apoptosis in retinal I/R injury in the rat. Materials and methods: Retinal I/R injury was induced by transient elevation of intraocular pressure. Eighteen animals were divided into three groups (n = 6): sham, I/R and treatment. The I/R injury and protective effects of the dexmedetomidine were evaluated by retinal thickness determined by histological sections, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin-deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemistry of caspases 3. Results: A decrease in the retinal thickness and an increase in the apoptotic cells were found to be statistically significant in I/R and treatment groups when compared with the control group. However, in comparison with the I/R group we realized that the administration of dexmedetomidine reduced the thinning of retinal thickness and also decreased the number of caspases 3 and TUNEL-positive cells. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is protective against apoptosis in retinal I/R injury in rats.

The investigation of airway management capacity of v-gel and cobra-PLA in anaesthetised rabbits

PURPOSE To evaluate the applicability and airway management capacity of v-gel® and Cobra PLA in rabbit anaesthesia during assisted (AV) or controlled ventilation (CV). METHODS This study was carried out in 44 adult New Zealand white rabbit. Baseline arterial pH, PaCO2 and PaO2 values were recorded. Anaesthesia was induced with 5 mg/kg xylasine and 35 mg/kg ketamine HCI combination. AV rabbits were assigned as; control (CG-AV; n=5), LMA (LMA-AV; n=5), cobra PLA (PLA-AV; n=5) and v-gel (v-gelAV; n=5). Rabbits have CV were also assigned as; ET (ET-CV; n=6), LMA (LMA-CV; n=6), cobraPLA (PLA-CV; n=6) and v-gel (v-gelCV; n=6). All measurements were repeated 1st, 5th, 15th and 30th mins during anaesthesia. RESULTS The less insertion time, number of attempt and complications are recorded in v-gel applied rabbits compared to other apparatus. For arterial pH values significant differences are recorded in especially at 15th and 30th min between groups of CV (p<0.005 or p<0.001). All groups had similar results with each other during anaesthesia for PaCO2 except for LMA-CV group. CONCLUSION The v-gel may be used as airway device in rabbit anaesthesia undergoing AV or CV and also can be a suitable alternative to endotracheal tubes and laryngeal mask airway.

Is hyperbaric oxygen or ozone effective in experimental endocarditis

BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis, a disease with high mortality and morbidity, is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus; mortality and morbidity further increase in the presence of methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus. Linezolid is the first of the oxazolidinones, a new antibiotic group that has been approved for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive cocci. Linezolid reduces the quantity of microorganisms in vegetation to some extent; in addition, the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and ozone (O3) therapies is likely to improve targeted antibacterial effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-six adult male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were used. The subjects were divided into groups as follows: Group 1 (n = 8): control group that was not inoculated with microorganisms and was untreated; Group 2 (n = 8): control group that was inoculated with microorganisms but was untreated; Group 3 (n = 8): linezolid treatment group; Group 4 (n = 8): O3 therapy group; Group 5 (n = 8): HBO therapy group; Group 6 (n = 8): linezolid + O3 therapy group; Group 7 (n = 8): linezolid + HBO therapy group. RESULTS In terms of reducing the number of colonies in the aortic valve, linezolid + HBO therapy was found to be the most effective treatment. Then, respectively linezolid + O3, linezolid, HBO, and O3 were found to be effective. CONCLUSIONS We found that linezolid significantly reduced the number of bacteria in the vegetation in the experimental endocarditis model, and HBO therapy increases the effectiveness of linezolid and makes this better than O3.

Comparação da eficácia de tenoxicam administrado por via oral e intra-articular a pacientes com osteoartrite de joelhos

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tenoxicam is widely used in osteoarthritis treatment and we aimed to compare the effectivity of oral and intra-articular administration of tenoxicam in osteoarthritis treatment. METHODS This study was performed between 2011 and 2012 by retrospectively analyzing and comparing the findings of 60 patients who were clinically and radiologically diagnosed with knee degenerative osteoarthritis in Bünyan state hospital pain policlinic. 60 patients included in the study were divided into two groups. The first group (tenoxicam IA, n=30) included patient findings of those subjected to intra-articular injection of 20mg tenoxicam to the knee once a week for three weeks and the second group (oral tenoxicam, n=30) included patients who were administered 20mg oral tenoxicam once a day for three weeks. All patients were clinically evaluated pre-treatment and in the 1st week, 1st month and 3rd month post-treatment according to specified criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 22 of 60 patients included in the study were male and 38 were female. In both groups significant improvements were detected in all of the observed parameters: visual analog scale, Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (pain, physical activity, knee stiffness) and Lequesne index scores and in the evaluations performed in 1st week, 1st month and 3rd month with respect to pre-treatment values. Besides, a better compliance to treatment and gastrointestinal system tolerability in tenoxicam IA group was also observed. Intra-articular tenoxicam administration could be thought as an alternative treatment method in patients with knee osteoarthritis who cannot use oral tenoxicam especially due to systemic gastrointestinal system side effects and those who have difficulties in adapting to treatment.

Effects of sugammadex on the prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions.

Many materials and techniques have been used to prevent and repair intra‐abdominal adhesions, but an effective solution has not been found. The aim of this study is to research the effect of sugammadex on intra‐abdominal adhesions in an experimentally induced intra‐abdominal adhesion model. Twenty‐four female Wistar albino rats were included in the study. The experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups: the sugammadex group (Group SX, n = 8), the control group (Group C, n = 8), and the sham group (Group S, n = 8). After starvation for 1 night, the rats were injected with a 50 mg/kg intramuscular dose of ketamine and a 5 mg/kg intramuscular dose of xylazine for anesthesia. The rats in the SX group were given 3 mL sugammadex into the peritoneal cavity, while rats in the control group were given 3 mL 0.9% sodium chloride. In the sham group, the peritoneal cavity was opened, but no chemicals were administered. All rats were sacrificed on the 10th postoperative day. The adhesions were staged as 0, 1, 2, and 3 according to Evans et al.s model. Our evaluation of macroscopic adhesion intensity found statistically significant differences between the groups. The sugammadex group was observed to have fewer adhesions in a statistically significant manner compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In our experimental intra‐abdominal adhesion model in rats, we observed that sugammadex prevented postoperative intra‐abdominal adhesions.

Comparison of effects of sugammadex and neostigmine on QTc prolongation in rabbits under general anesthesia

PURPOSE To compare the effects of sugammadex and neostigmine, used to antagonize the effects of rocuronium, on the QTc interval. METHODS This study used 10 adult New Zealand white rabbits of 2.5-3.5 kg randomly divided into two groups: sugammadex group (Group S, n:5) and neostigmine group (Group N, n:5). For general anesthesia administering 2 mg/kg iv propofol and 1 mcg/kg iv fentanyl, 0.6 mg/kg iv rocuronium was given. Later to provide reliable airway for all experimental animals V-Gel Rabbit was inserted. The rabbits were manually ventilated by the same anesthetist. After the V-Gel Rabbit was inserted at 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 27, 30 and 40 minutes measurements were repeated and recorded. At 25 minutes after induction Group N rabbits were given 0.05 mg/kg iv neostigmine + 0.01 mg/kg iv atropine. Group S were administered 2 mg/kg iv sugammadex. RESULTS Comparing the QTc interval in the rabbits in Group S and Group N, in the 25th, 27th and 30th minute after muscle relaxant antagonist was administered the QTc interval in the neostigmine group rabbits was significantly increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION While sugammadex, administered to antagonize the effect of rocuronium, did not significantly affect the QTc interval, neostigmine+atropine proloned the QTc interval.

Agenesis of Isthmus of the Thyroid Gland in a Patient with Graves-Basedow Disease and a Solitary Nodule

The thyroid is a vascular endocrine gland with two lateral lobes connected by a narrow, median isthmus. Although a wide range of congenital anomalies of the thyroid gland has been reported in the literature, agenesis of the thyroid isthmus is a very rare congenital anomaly. Thyroid isthmus agenesis does not manifest clinical symptoms, and it can be confused with other thyroid pathologies. We describe a patient with no isthmus of the thyroid, associated with Graves-Basedow disease. Thyroid isthmus agenesis should be kept in mind in order for surgical procedures involving thyroid pathologies to be carried out safely.

Comparison of the effectivity of oral and intra-articular administration of tenoxicam in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tenoxicam is widely used in osteoarthritis treatment and we aimed to compare the effectivity of oral and intra-articular administration of tenoxicam in osteoarthritis treatment. METHODS This study was performed between 2011 and 2012 by retrospectively analyzing and comparing the findings of 60 patients who were clinically and radiologically diagnosed with knee degenerative osteoarthritis in Bünyan state hospital pain policlinic. 60 patients included in the study were divided into two groups. The first group (tenoxicam IA, n=30) included patient findings of those subjected to intra-articular injection of 20mg tenoxicam to the knee once a week for three weeks and the second group (oral tenoxicam, n=30) included patients who were administered 20mg oral tenoxicam once a day for three weeks. All patients were clinically evaluated pre-treatment and in the 1st week, 1st month and 3rd month post-treatment according to specified criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Twenty two of 60 patients included in the study were male and 38 were female. In both groups significant improvements were detected in all of the observed parameters: visual analog scale, Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (pain, physical activity, knee stiffness) and Lequesne index scores and in the evaluations performed in 1st week, 1st month and 3rd month with respect to pre-treatment values. Besides, a better compliance to treatment and gastrointestinal system tolerability in tenoxicam IA group was also observed. Intra-articular tenoxicam administration could be thought as an alternative treatment method in patients with knee osteoarthritis who cannot use oral tenoxicam especially due to systemic gastrointestinal system side effects and those who have difficulties in adapting to treatment.

Blood gas analyzer utility in evaluating oxygen kinetics of the aqueous humor

PURPOSE To measure the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) and the pH of aqueous humor (AH) and arterial blood samples from rabbits using a blood gas analyzer. METHODS Twenty New Zealand rabbits were anesthetized intramuscularly with ketamine and xylazine and were then allowed to breathe room air. Using a gas blood analyzer, arterial blood and AH samples were analyzed for PO2, PCO2, and pH. RESULTS The mean arterial blood pressure was 87.14 ± 15.0 mmHg. The mean blood and AH PO2 were 95.18 ± 11.76 mmHg and 88.83 ± 9.92 mmHg, the mean blood and AH PCO2 were 25.86 ± 5.46 mmHg and 29.50 ± 5.36 mmHg, and the mean blood and AH pH were 7.38 ± 0.06 and 7.33 ± 0.09, respectively. CONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS The blood gas analyzer was easily employed to evaluate the aqueous humor in rabbits. When comparing the results of studies evaluating aqueous PO2, care should be taken to determine the methods used in these studies.

EFFECTS OF PROPHYLACTIC OZONE THERAPY ON GENERAL ANESTHESIA AND SURGICAL STRESS RESPONSE: NEUTROPHIL/LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND ISCHEMIA MODIFIED ALBUMIN

Abstract Background:General anesthesia and surgical stress cause an acute endocrine, metabolic, and immunological inflammatory response in organisms and an increase in neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) levels. Ozone, other than inhalation administration, reduces the release of antioxidants and some proinflammatory cytokines and has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect. Our aim is to research how the NLR and IMA response is affected in rabbits undergoing surgical intervention with general anesthesia given prophylactic with ozone therapy. Methods: Twelve New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups: GroupO was given 70 µg/ml 10 ml ozone by the rectal route in 6 sessions on alternate days, and GroupC was given air by the rectal route.The rabbits underwent surgical intervention under general anesthesia.Blood samples were taken at basal, preoperative, 30th minute of operation, and 24 hour postoperative times and were examined for hemogram and IMA. Results:In th...