Hussain A. Badran

The photovoltaic efficiency of the fabrication of copolymer P3HT:PCBM on different thickness nano-anatase titania as solar cell.

Organic solar cells based on (3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methylester (P3HT:PCBM) bulk heterojunction (BHJ) with an inverted structure have been fabricated using nano-anatase crystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) as their electron transport layer, which was prepared on the indium tin oxide coated glass (ITO-glass), silicon wafer and glass substrates by sol-gel method at different spin speed by using spin-coating (1000, 2000 and 3,000 rpm) for nano-thin film 58, 75 and 90 nm respectively. The effect of thickness on the surface morphology and optical properties of TiO2 layer were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction and UV-visible spectrophotometer. The optical band gap of the films has been found to be in the range 3.63-3.96 eV for allowed direct transition and to be in the range 3.23-3.69 eV for forbidden direct transition to the different TiO2 thickness. The samples were examined to feature current and voltages darkness and light extraction efficiency of the solar cell where they were getting the highest open-circuit voltage, Voc, and power conversion efficiency were 0.66% and 0.39% fabricated with 90 nm respectively.

Physical origin of observed nonlinearities in Poly (1-naphthyl methacrylate): Using a single transistor?transistor logic modulated laser beam

A thermal lens technique is adopted using a single modulated continuous wave (cw) 532-nm laser beam to evaluate the nonlinear refractive index n2, and the thermo-optic coefficient dn/dT, in polymer Poly (1-naphthyl methacrylate) (P-1-NM) dissolved in chloroform, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvents. The results are compared with Z-scan and diffraction ring techniques. The comparison reveals the effectiveness and the simplicity of the TTL modulation technique. The physical origin is discussed for the obtained results.

Diffused transmission of laser beam and image processing tools for alpha-particle track-etch dosimetry in PM-355 SSNTDs

The present study introduces an optical as well as image processing method that is effective in the study of PM-355 solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTDs) irradiated with α-particles at different times. Laser light with Gaussian extent and 635 nm wavelength is used to accomplish this goal. An imaging processing technique is utilized for the study of the nature and characteristics of a transmitted laser beam through PM-355 SSNTDs. Semi-empirical formulas are obtained which can be used as guide lines to calculate unknown dose. The present method is effective and simple and demands no sophisticated tool methods.

Self diffraction and nonlinear optical properties for 2, 3- Diaminopyridine under cw illumination

The nonlinear absorption and refraction indices for 2,3-Diaminopyridine solution were measured using open-and closed- aperture z-scan techniques, with continuous wave (cw) irradiation. Furthermore, diffraction rings pattern as a result of nonlinear refraction was observed. The effect of concentration, wavelength and laser intensity on the nonlinear absorption, nonlinear refraction and diffraction rings are studied experimentally. It is found that the nonlinear refraction and absorption indexes in order of 10 -8 cm 2 /W and10 -3 cm/W, respectively. We suggested an opportunity to form a new nonlinear-optical media for nonlinear optical application.