Hwa Jung Lee

Associations of Obesity and Dyslipidemia with Intake of Sodium, Fat, and Sugar among Koreans: a Qualitative Systematic Review

A qualitative systematic review was performed to identify associations of obesity and dyslipidemia with intake of sodium, fat, and sugar among Koreans. We reviewed 6 Korean research databases (KMbase, KoreaMed, NDSL, DBpia, RISS, KISS) with the keywords “sodium intake,” “fat intake,” and “sugar intake.” Total of 11 studies were investigated in this present study. Of these articles, 7 studies were related to sodium intake, 2 studies had a relation to fat intake, and 2 studies were associated with sugar intake. We indicated general characteristics, concentration of serum lipids, nutrition intake, and statistically significant results. High sodium intake contributed to increased etiology of hypertriglyceridemia, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) hypocholesterolemia, and a risk of being overweight. Fat intake was significantly associated with body fat, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) hypercholesterolemia, and HDL hypocholesterolemia. Sugar intake from coffee drinks and sugar-sweetened beverages contributed to increased HDL hypocholesterolemia and continuous metabolic syndrome score. This qualitative review among Koreans represented that intake of sodium, fat, and sugar has a positive relationship with cause of obesity-related diseases. Especially, this present study has a great significance in terms of considered study that intake of the potentially hazardous nutrients among Koreans has an association with obesity and dyslipidemia. However, further studies such as randomized controlled trials on associations between sodium, fat, and sugar and obesity and dyslipidemia need to be continuously required in order to conduct quantitative systematic reviews and a meta-analysis for Koreans.

Simultaneous Determination of Water Soluble Vitamins B Group in Health Functional Foods etc. by HPLC

This study was conducted to simultaneous analysis methods for water soluble vitamins B group (vitamin B1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vitamin B6) which is used as health functional foods etc. Ana- lytical methods of water-soluble vitamins B group by HPLC were established through instrumental analytical condi- tions, and the examination of data such as domestic and foreign reliable methods, and papers of journal. HPLC method analyzing water soluble vitamins B group was established using Capcell Pak C18 UG 120 column in 270 nm through test of columns. The validation has been performed on the method to determine linearity, accuracy, limits of quantifi- cation (LOQ) and repeatability for water soluble vitamins B group. An excellent linearity (r 2 = 0.999) was observed for vitamin B1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vitamin B6 in the concentration range (0.1~2 µg/mL). Observed recovery of vitamin B1 was found to be between 100 and 103%, vitamin B2 was found to be between 104 and 112%, nicotinic acid was found to be between 82 and 85%, nicotinamide was found to be between 121 and 124% and vitamin B6 was found to be between 95 and 104%. LOQ of vitamin B1 was found to be 0.04 µg/mL, vitamin B2 was found to be 0.05 µg/mL, nicotinic acid was found to be 0.15 µg/mL, nicotinamide was found to be 0.08 µg/mL and vitamin B6 was found to be 0.63 µg/mL. Repeatability precision for vitamin B1 was found to be 0.4%, vitamin B2 was found to be 0.4%, nicotinic acid was found to be 0.5%, nicotinamide was found to be 0.7% and vitamin B6 was found to be 0.4% relative standard deviation (RSD). Also, verify the accuracy of the simultaneous analysis methods, we monitored the labeled contents of the health functional foods and childrens preferred foods.

Erratum: Abstract Correction. Relationship of sodium consumption with obesity in Korean adults based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010~2014

Purpose: Excess sodium intake may contribute to the etiology of hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a daily sodium intake of less than 2 g. The aim of this study was to estimate the association of sodium intake with obesity in Korean adults. Methods: This study used Dietary intake and Health data on 22,321 subjects aged 30 years and over from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010~2014. Information on dietary intake was obtained by the one day 24-hour recall method in KNHANES, and sodium intake was classified into five groups (< 2,000 mg, 2,000~4,000 mg, 4,000~6,000 mg, 6,000~8,000 mg, ≥ 8,000 mg). Obesity was defined as having a body mass index (BMI) higher than 25 kg/m. Intake of sodium and obesity status were analyzed by logistic regression with SPSS Statistics 23. Results: Men tended to have a higher sodium intake than women (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, year, daily energy intake, education level, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, and chronic diseases and comparing the highest sodium intake group (≥ 8,000 mg) with the lowest intake group (< 2,000 mg), the OR of obesity was 1.351 (95% CI: 1.032~1.767) in men. The OR of obesity in the sodium intake group (4,000~6,000 mg) was 1.232 (95% CI: 1.063~1.427) in women. Conclusion: Our findings suggest an independent relationship between sodium intake and as increased risk of obesity in Korean adults, implying the necessity for future research on low-sodium diet intervention in relation to obesity.