Hye Soo Ko

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent alopecia areata development through the inhibition of NKG2D expression: a pilot study.

Hair follicle (HF) is an immuneprivileged site. When the HF immune privilege is collapsed, CD4 and CD8 T cells, and some natural killer (NK) cells, accumulate around the autoantigens of the hair bulb and contribute to the development of alopecia areata (AA).[1] Th1 cytokines and chemokines, such as interferon (IFN)G, CXCL9 and CXCL10, are predominantly detected in AA lesions and might induce the collapse of the hair follicle immune privilege.[2,3] Recent studies have shown that a NK cell receptor, NKG2Dmediated signalling, has been strongly associated with the pathogenesis of AA.[4] The antibodymediated blockade of IFNG prevented AA development in grafted mice and blocked the accumulation of CD8+NKG2D+ T cells in the skin.[5] According to recent conceptions of pathology, the restoration or prevention of the collapse of HF immune privilege eventually leads to a more effective management of AA. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory effects on immune cells and are proposed as an approach to immunomodulation therapy, such as chronic inflammation or autoimmune disorders.[6] The effects of MSCs on AA have not yet been studied.

Histiocytoid Sweet Syndrome in a Child without Underlying Systemic Disease

Sweet syndrome (acute, febrile, neutrophilic dermatosis) is characterized by the acute onset of an eruption of painful nodules or erythematous or violaceous plaques on the limbs, face and neck. These symptoms are accompanied by fever. The diagnostic features include histopathological findings of dermal neutrophilic infiltration without leukocytoclastic vasculitis or peripheral blood leukocytosis. Sweet syndrome is associated with infection, malignancies, autoimmune disease, pregnancy, and drugs. Patients with Sweet syndrome demonstrate a complete and rapid response to systemic steroid administration. Recently, a distinct variant of Sweet syndrome was reported, termed “histiocytoid Sweet syndrome”, in which the infiltration of myeloperoxidase-positive histiocytoid mononuclear cells are observed (in contrast to the infiltration of neutrophils). The other clinical features are similar to those of classic Sweet syndrome. Pediatric Sweet syndrome is uncommon, and the histiocytoid type is even rarer. To date, four cases of histiocytoid Sweet syndrome have been reported in children. Herein, we describe a case of histiocytoid Sweet syndrome in an otherwise healthy 10-year-old boy with no underlying systemic disease in whom non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug treatment was successful.

Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment Combined with Oral Minocycline Reduces Recurrence Rate of Rosacea

Background The recurrence rate of rosacea was not known very well, but has been reported as 60% in 6 months after withdrawal of the drug. It is not known which treatment can reduce relapses of rosacea effectively. Objective The objective was to identify whether 595 nm-pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment reduced recurrence rate among rosacea patients who were treated with oral minocycline. Methods One hundred and seven Korean patients with rosacea who started treatment with oral minocycline (100 mg/d) with or without PDL (2∼4 sessions) were evaluated retrospectively. The recurrence rate was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and difference was evaluated using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of risk factors for the recurrence of rosacea. Results The recurrence-free survival analysis revealed that the group with oral minocycline plus PDL was significantly different compared with the group with oral minocycline alone (p=0.011). Cox proportional hazards model showed that the combined use of PDL with oral minocycline appeared to be a significant protective factor for the hazard of recurrence of rosacea (hazard ratio, 0.492; 95% CI, 0.257∼0.941; p=0.032). Conclusion PDL can be used added to oral minocycline to reduce relapses among rosacea patients who are undergoing oral minocycline treatment.

Glandular Paget's Disease of the Male Nipple.

Vol. 28, No. 5, 2016 671 Received July 27, 2015, Revised November 23, 2015, Accepted for publication December 18, 2015 Corresponding author: Jeonghyun Shin, Department of Dermatology, Inha University Hospital, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Korea. Tel: 82-32-890-2238, Fax: 82-32-890-2236, E-mail: jshin@inha.ac.kr This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright