I. Arthur Mirsky

Physiologic, psychologic, and social determinants in the etiology of duodenal ulcer

ConclusionsWith the preceding, an attempt has been made to delineate only a few of the links in the chain of events that comprise the physiologic, psychologic, and social determinants in the predisposition to and precipitation of duodenal ulcer in man. Such a survey makes obvious that there is no single causal agent in the etiology of this syndrome and that the discrepancies that exist between various hypotheses are related to each proponents particular orientation. Those who insist that the development of duodenal ulcer is determined solely by “organic” factors are as fallacious as those who claim that “psychic” factors are the sole determinants. Such polar attitudes will disappear when the inferences are derived from “propter hoc” rather than from “post hoc” data. The selection of individuals who are most likely to develop the syndrome in the future and the proper application of the concepts and tools of various disciplines during the premorbid state will yield such information about the precise determinants in the predisposition and precipitation of duodenal ulcer as to make it unnecessary to camouflage ignorance by dogma. The studies reported herein represent an effort in that direction.

Effect of Oxytocin on Plasma Free Fatty Acids of Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Dogs.∗

Summary Intravenous injection of oxytocin results in a decrease in concentration of free fatty acids in the plasma of non-diabetic and alloxan-diabetic dogs.SummaryIntravenous injection of oxytocin results in a decrease in concentration of free fatty acids in the plasma of non-diabetic and alloxan-diabetic dogs.

Insulinase-inhibitory activity of protein hydrolysates.

Conclusion Destruction of insulin by extracts of rat liver is inhibited competitively by 3-hour acid hydrolysates and by tryptic and chymotryptic digests of a variety of proteins. Insulinase-inhibitory activity is attributed to a peptide (or peptides) which loses activity on complete hydrolysis.

Patterns of eating and drinking in socially-isolated rhesus monkeys☆

Abstract Three normally-reared and three animals which had been totally-isolated from social contact for the first year of life were tested in a series of experiments to determine the pattern and rate of eating and drinking. The monkeys were nine years old during these experiments and had been subjected to a variety of social and experimental conditions post-isolation. While the social isolates did not differ from the controls in the frequency and scheduling of eating and drinking during a day, they did consume more fluid and food during each meal. The isolates ate approximately 30 per cent more food per day over the course of a six month ad lib feeding period. Nevertheless, after an initial gain, they did not gain significantly more weight than did the controls. There was no evidence for increased motor activity among the isolates.

The inhibition of the action of insulin on rat epididymal adipose tissue by sulfhydryl blocking agents

Abstract Concentrations of iodoacetate and N -ethylmaleimide which produce no significant effect on the spontaneous oxidation of glucose by rat epididymal adipose tissue in vitro inhibit the action of insulin. These agents do not inhibit the binding of insulin to adipose tissue or to the isolated diaphragm in vitro .

Ineffectiveness of Sulfonylureas in Alloxan Diabetic Rats.

Summary Oral administration of 100 mg 1-3-butyl-p-tolylsulfonylurea per kg body weight to normal rats results in a marked hypoglycemia within one hour which persists for 4 hours. No significant change occurs in blood sugar of similarly treated alloxan diabetic rats.

Hypoglycemic action of indole-3-acetic acid by mouth in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions Indoleacetic acid by mouth produces a decrease in the blood sugar of adult patients with diabetes mellitus.

THE ROLE OF INSULINASE IN THE HYPOGLYCEMIC RESPONSE TO SULFONYLUREAS

The hypoglycemic response of the healthy animal or man to the administration of a single dose of tolbutamide (Orinase) is divisible into two phases: (1) an initial phase lasting less than one hour, during which a maximum decrease in the blood sugar concentration occurs; and (2) a subsequent phase of restitution, lasting a variable period of time, during which the blood sugar is gradually restored to its initial concentration (FIGURE 1). With an oral dosage of less than 50 mg. tolbutamide per kilogram of body weight, both

Influnce of Insulin on Uptake of Monosaccharides by the isolated Rat Diaphragm

Summary The influence of d-tubocurarine, two central nervous system depressants (pentobarbital and chloral hydrate) and two central nervous system stimulants (pentylenetetrazol and 5-ethyl-5-(1,3 dimethylbutyl) barbituric acid) on the concentrations of inorganic phosphate, phosphocreatine, and ATP in the cerebrum of the rhesus monkey has been investigated. d-Tubocurarine was the only one of these compounds to produce any statistically significant effect. With this agent there was a singnificant decrease in phosphocreatine content without any alteration in inorganic phosphate or ATP.

Destruction of I131 labeled insulin by liver slices.

Summary 1. Insulin labeled with I131 was used to determine the effect of liver slices on the degradation of insulin. 2. The insulin-inactivating activity of slices of rat liver (insulinase) is associated with a degradation of I131 insulin. 3. The degradation of I131 insulin by liver slices follows first order kinetics and is related directly to the quantity of liver slices employed. 4. A non-protein fraction of liver (insulinase-inhibitor) which inhibits the action of insulinase also inhibits the degradation of I131 insulin by liver slices.