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Dive into the research topics where I.F. Girón is active.

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Featured researches published by I.F. Girón.


Plant and Soil | 1997

Stomatal control of water use in olive tree leaves

J.E. Fernández; F. Moreno; I.F. Girón; O.M. Blázquez

Little is known about the strategies used by olive trees to overcome the long dry periods typical of the areas where they are cropped. This makes it difficult to optimize the water supply in orchards. To study the control of water consumption by olive trees, measurements of leaf water potential (Ψ) and stomatal conductance to H2O (g) were made on 26-year-old t Manzanillo olive trees under three irrigation treatments. The first treatment provided enough water to cover the crop water demand, the next treatment supplied one third of that rate, and the final treatment was no irrigation at all, typical of dry-farming conditions. Under conditions of high vapour pressure deficit of the air (Da), the olive trees prevented excessive water loss by closing their stomata. Leaves of the current year showed better stomatal control than did the 1-year-old leaves. The upper-bound functional relationships between t g and t Da and photon flux density (IP) were obtained by boundary-line analysis, based on a technique of non-linear least squares. Maximum values of t g were observed at relatively low levels of t IP, from about 500 μmol m-2 s-1, and a proportional decrease in t g with increasing t Da was also found, at least for values of up to approximately 3.5 kPa. Higher values of t g were observed in the morning than in the afternoon, for similar levels of t IP and t Da. Unirrigated olive trees recovered quickly after the dry season, showing values of Ψ and t g similar to those of irrigated trees after just two days.


Crop & Pasture Science | 2008

Design and testing of an automatic irrigation controller for fruit tree orchards, based on sap flow measurements

J.E. Fernández; R. Romero; J. C.Montaño; Antonio Diaz-Espejo; J. L. Muriel; M.V. Cuevas; F. Moreno; I.F. Girón; M. J. Palomo

We designed and tested an automatic irrigation control system for fruit tree orchards, designated CRP. At the end of each day, the device calculates the irrigation dose (ID) from sap flow readings in the trunk of trees irrigated to replenish the crop water needs, relative to similar measurements made in over-irrigated trees. It then acts on the pump and electrovalve to supply an ID sufficient to keep the soil close to its field capacity during the irrigation period. Remote control of the system is possible from any computer or Smartphone connected to the Internet. We tested the CRP in an olive orchard in southern Spain. The device was robust and able to filter and amplify the output voltages of the heat-pulse velocity probes and to calculate reliable sap flow data. It calculated and supplied daily irrigation amounts to the orchard according to the specified irrigation protocol. The remote control facility proved to be useful for getting real-time information both on the CRP behaviour and the applied IDs, and for changing parameters of the irrigation protocol. For our conditions, olive trees with big root systems growing in a soil with a remarkable water-holding capacity, the approach mentioned above for calculating ID had not enough resolution to replace the daily crop water consumption. The device, however, was able to react when the soil water content fell below the threshold for soil water deficit. The threshold value was identified with simultaneous measurements of stem water potential in the instrumented trees. Our results suggest a change in the irrigation protocol that will allow the CRP to apply a recovery irrigation whenever that threshold is reached, making the device suitable for applying a deficit irrigation strategy in the orchard.


Soil & Tillage Research | 2003

Simulation of the impact of subsoil compaction on soil water balance and crop yield of irrigated maize on a loamy sand soil in SW Spain

F. Moreno; E.J Murer; E Stenitzer; J.E. Fernández; I.F. Girón

Abstract Irrigation of crops in Mediterranean countries can produce some conditions that favour soil compaction processes. The SIMWASER model takes into account the effects of subsoil compaction on water balance and crop yield. The objectives of this paper were: (i) to test the mentioned model using the data set collected, during three years (1991–1993), from irrigation experiments with maize (Zea mays L., cv. Prisma) on a sandy soil (Cambisols (FAO, 1990) or Xerocrepts (USDA, 1998)) in SW Spain and (ii) to estimate the influence of subsoil compaction on soil water balance and crop yield assuming long lasting heavy subsoil compaction that may be developed under irrigation for the SW Spain conditions. The model was run to simulate soil water content, evapotranspiration, drainage below the root zone, and crop yield for the same period in which the experiment was carried out. Results of simulation were compared with the experimental results in order to know the agreement between them. The results obtained show a fairly good agreement between simulated and measured values for most of the parameters considered. For the scenario in which subsoil compaction is developed under irrigation, the results simulated by the model indicate a reduction of the rooting depth. However, the effects on water balance and crop yield in this sandy soil were not relevant under the SW Spain conditions.


Journal of Environmental Management | 2013

Natural remediation of an unremediated soil twelve years after a mine accident: Trace element mobility and plant composition

Pilar Burgos; Paula Madejón; Engracia Madejón; I.F. Girón; Francisco Cabrera; J.M. Murillo

The long-term influence of a mine spill in soil was studied 12 years after the Aznalcóllar accident. Soils where the pyritic sludge was not removed, a fenced plot established for research purposes (2000 m(2)) and soils where the process of remediation was accomplished successfully were sampled and studied in detail. Soils were characterized at different depths, down to 100 cm depth, determining chemical parameters and total concentrations of major and trace elements. Moreover plants colonizing remediated (RE) and non remediated (NRE) soils were also analysed attending their potential risk for herbivores. Strong acidification was observed in the NRE soil except in surface (0-10 cm). The progressive colonization of natural vegetation, more than 90% of the fenced plot covered by plants, could facilitate this increased pH values in the top soil (pH 6). In the NRE soil, the successive oxidation and hydrolysis of sulphide in the deposited sludge on the surface after the accident resulted in a re-dissolution of the most mobile element (Cd, Cu and Zn) and a penetration to deeper layers. Trace element concentrations in plants growing in the NRE soil showed normal contents for higher plants and tolerable for livestock. Nitrogen and mineral nutrients were of the same order in both soils, and also normal for high plants and adequate for animal nutrition. Despite of the natural remediation of the NRE soil, results demonstrate that the remediation tasks carried out in all the area, the Guadiamar Green Corridor at present, were necessary to avoid the leaching of the most mobile elements and minimize the risk of contamination of groundwater sources, many of them close to the Doñana National Park.


Archive | 2018

Fruit Response to Water-Scarcity Scenarios. Water Relations and Biochemical Changes

Pedro L. Rodriguez; A. Galindo; Jacinta Collado-González; Sonia Medina; M. Corell; Houssem Memmi; I.F. Girón; Ana Centeno; M.J. Martín-Palomo; Z.N. Cruz; Ángel A. Carbonell-Barrachina; Francisca Hernández; A. Torrecillas; Alfonso Moriana; D. Pérez-López

Abstract The aim of this chapter is to give a general idea of the fruit response to water-scarcity conditions, paying special attention to fruit water relations modification and fruit composition changes, which are key for fruit quality. The strengths and weaknesses of fruit water relations measurement parameters are discussed. The incidence of some pre- and postharvest fruit physiological disorders related to water stress (cracking, creasing, pitting, splitting, and watercore) was also considered. Current knowledge of water flow in developing fruits, fruit water relations under drought, and the effect of water deficit on fruit quality characteristics, mainly those related to human health, are discussed and new research objectives are proposed. In addition, the need to differentiate the products from deficit-irrigated trees (hydroSOS) from any others on the market is discussed.


Water Scarcity and Sustainable Agriculture in Semiarid Environment | 2018

Fruit response to water-scarcity and biochemical changes: Water relations and biochemical changes

Pedro L. Rodriguez; Alejandro Galindo Egea; Jacinta Collado-González; S. Medina; M. Corell; Houssem Memmi; I.F. Girón; Ana Centeno; M.J. Martín-Palomo; Z.N. Cruz; Ángel A. Carbonell-Barrachina; Francisca Hernández; A. Torrecillas; Alfonso Moriana; D. Pérez-López; Iván Francisco García Tejero; Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo

Abstract The aim of this chapter is to give a general idea of the fruit response to water-scarcity conditions, paying special attention to fruit water relations modification and fruit composition changes, which are key for fruit quality. The strengths and weaknesses of fruit water relations measurement parameters are discussed. The incidence of some pre- and postharvest fruit physiological disorders related to water stress (cracking, creasing, pitting, splitting, and watercore) was also considered. Current knowledge of water flow in developing fruits, fruit water relations under drought, and the effect of water deficit on fruit quality characteristics, mainly those related to human health, are discussed and new research objectives are proposed. In addition, the need to differentiate the products from deficit-irrigated trees (hydroSOS) from any others on the market is discussed.


Journal of Environmental Management | 2018

Soil hydraulic properties as the main driver in the establishment of biomass crops in contaminated soils

Paula Madejón; María Teresa Gutiérrez Domínguez; Elena Fernández-Boy; Patricia Paneque; I.F. Girón; Engracia Madejón

In recent years increasing attention has been given to the potential use of contaminated lands for biofuel production, because these degraded soils cannot be used for food production. To establish these crops in Mediterranean contaminated areas, where the soil quality is usually very poor, the addition of soil amendments might be necessary to improve soil productivity. In addition, the use of crops with low water demands, adapted to these particular conditions of climate and soil contamination, is a key requirement. We studied the development of Cynara cardunculus and Silybum mariamun crops (both suitable for the production of biomass for biofuel uses under a Mediterranean climate) in trace element contaminated soils under field conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first such work under these particular experimental conditions (soil contamination and field trial). Soil physical (hydraulic), chemical, and biochemical properties were monitored for one year in experimental plots, where we tested the effects of the addition of two different amendments (sugar lime and biosolid compost) on soil functioning and crop productivity. Seed germination and plant biomass production were low, although amendment addition improved both parameters. The chemical and biological indicators (enzyme activities, PLFA profiles, and soil respiration) tended to be slightly improved by the amendments, especially sugar lime. The hydraulic properties of the soil in the experimental area were very deficient, and the effect of the amendments was not enough to improve them; this was probably the main cause of the general low productivity of these rain-fed crops, as water infiltrated poorly through the root zone. To improve crop productivity under these soil conditions, certain aspects could be improved: higher doses of amendments should be applied and deeper tillage of the soil after amendment addition should be performed to facilitate water infiltration.


Agricultural Water Management | 2001

Heat-pulse measurements of sap flow in olives for automating irrigation: tests, root flow and diagnostics of water stress

J.E. Fernández; M.J Palomo; Antonio Diaz-Espejo; Brent Clothier; Steve Green; I.F. Girón; F. Moreno


Plant and Soil | 2006

Water relations and gas exchange in olive trees under regulated deficit irrigation and partial rootzone drying

J.E. Fernández; Antonio Diaz-Espejo; J. M. Infante; P. J. Durán; M. J. Palomo; V. Chamorro; I.F. Girón; L. Villagarcía


Soil & Tillage Research | 2006

Long-term impact of conservation tillage on stratification ratio of soil organic carbon and loss of total and active CaCO3

F. Moreno; J.M. Murillo; F. Pelegrín; I.F. Girón

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F. Moreno

Spanish National Research Council

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A. Torrecillas

Spanish National Research Council

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M. Corell

University of Seville

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A. Galindo

Spanish National Research Council

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J.E. Fernández

Spanish National Research Council

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Ana Centeno

Technical University of Madrid

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Antonio Diaz-Espejo

Spanish National Research Council

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D. Pérez-López

Technical University of Madrid

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