I Gusti Ngurah Darmawan

Social capital and health in rural and urban communities in South Australia.

Objective : This paper seeks to compare the relationships between social capital and health for rural and urban residents of South Australia.

Monitoring the Impact of Globalisation on Education and Human Development

During the twentieth century marked advances occurred in science and technology that spread across the world and greatly changed the way in which we live. While the term ‘globalisation’ that refers to these changes, has its origins in the twentieth century, the processes that involve global development had their beginnings in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The growth of modern science and technology accelerated this development during the latter half of the twentieth century to such and extent that Giddens (1999), in speaking and writing about the effects of globalisation refers to the “Runaway World” in his Reith Lectures, two of which were given in the Asia-Pacific region in Hong Kong and Delhi as part of what he referred to as a “global electronic conversation”. It has been the very rapid developments in the process of global change that have drawn attention both to the benefits and the problems that accompany globalisation. However, instead of being more and more under our control, the world seems to be running out of control.

Effects of Socioeconomic Status, Class Size and Ability Grouping on Science Achievement

This study examines the effects of key social group variables (e.g. socioeconomic status, class size, ability grouping and school type) on the science achievement of secondary school students in Canberra, Australia after controlling for student level effects (e.g. prior performance, attitudes toward school, liking of science and educational aspirations). The study employed a multilevel analysis procedure to examine the data at the student, classroom and school levels for both direct effects and cross-level interaction effects. The major finding is that sociological factors in this school system operated at the classroom level, together with cross-level interaction effects operating at the school and classroom levels, with no main effects operating at the school level to explain nearly all the variability between classrooms and schools.

Developments in Quantitative Methods in Research Into Teachers and Teaching

There is perhaps no situation greater than that of teachers in classrooms where sizeable groups of people work together under the direct guidance of a single person for longer periods of a day on a regular basis and for sustained periods of time than that of teachers in primary school classrooms. In the home, the group is smaller, the guidance is shared between two and more people, the situation is similar but with longer periods of time involved where similar problems of analysis arise. Both situations present specific methodological challenges, involving multilevel and multivariate analysis. However, the size of school and classroom groups and the relative ease with which data can be collected, has led to a break-through occurring in the analysis of data in the field of education. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of teachers to intrusion into their closed operational setting has led to relatively little use being made of the advances that have occurred in these quantitative analytical procedures in the investigation of the problems associated with teachers and teaching. This article raises these issues and suggests that the developments that have occurred during recent decades in this area are opening up a domain for investigation that has the potential to spread to many other fields of societal and human activity, including industry and commerce, medical practice, and the whole of the fields of sociology and social psychological inquiry.

Modeling Missed Care: Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice

BACKGROUND There is a growing nursing literature that views missed care as an inevitable consequence of work intensification associated with the rationing of nursing and material resources available to deliver care. Global studies recognize that missed care is now ubiquitous, although studies tend to be conducted in one region, rather than nationwide. This study seeks to understand the Australian context of missed care. AIMS To explore self-reported reasons for missed care and to identify the main factors for predicting missed care within a sample of Australian nurses and midwives working in public and private hospitals in New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia. METHODS A nonexperimental, descriptive method using Kalischs (2006) MISSCARE survey was used. Responses from 1,195 nursing and midwifery staff with differing qualifications, English language skills, and Australian employment settings were analyzed using Rasch analysis and then modeled using the Structural Equation Modeling. RESULTS The frequency of missed care on the morning shift directly impacted on higher priority care missed during the afternoon shift. Staff skill mix imbalances and perceived inadequacy of staff numbers for the work demands further exacerbated all aspects of care during afternoon shifts. Other major factors associated with missed care were the different clinical work settings and staff to patient ratios. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION The incidences, types, and reasons behind missed care are a multidimensional construct which can be predicted when known significant factors behind missed care are simultaneously accounted for.

Factors Associated with Malaysian Mathematics Performance in PISA 2012

The impact of globalisation along with the critical demands for economic and social development have given rise to competition in keeping up with both international and regional growth. This situation has accelerated the momentum to strengthen and improve the education system of many countries especially in the Asia Pacific Region.

Philosophical and Pedagogical Underpinnings of Globalisation and Education

This chapter argues that education is an essential component of the development and the well-being of the human and nations globally. It examines the philosophical and pedagogical underpinnings of globalisation and the wholeness of education and considers the critical role of the educative process in the past, the present and the future. The problem demands not only analytical thinking but also systemic and futuristic thinking and pedagogy, in which the situation under consideration is viewed as a whole, as well as its many parts. It is also argued that globalisation involves more than an international and global approach to economic and political issues.

Creating a Scale as a General Measure of Satisfaction for Information and Communication Technology Users

User satisfaction is considered to be one of the most widely used measures of information and communication technology (ICT) implementation success. Therefore, it is interesting to examine the possibility of creating a general measure of user satisfaction to allow for diversity among users and diversity in the ICT-related tasks they perform. The end user computing satisfaction instrument (EUCSI) developed by Doll and Torkzadeh (1988) was revised and used as a general measure of user satisfaction. The sample was 881 government employees selected from 144 organizations across all regions of Bali, Indonesia. The data were analysed with Rasch Unidimensional Models for Measurement (RUMM) software. All the items fitted the model reasonably well with the exception of two items which had the chi-square probability < 0.05 and one item which had disordered threshold values. The overall power of the test-of-fit was excellent.

The Foundation Problems for Educational Research Arising from the Pisa Studies

The previous chapter draws attention to the relationships between education and human development and considers Amartya Sen’s ‘Capability Approach’ and the ideas that are advanced in his book Development as Freedom. The first ten chapters in this present volume do not directly link to Sen’s ideas except in so far as they discuss the processes associated with the ‘capabilities’ assessed in the PISA Studies concerned with Mathematics Literacy, Science Literacy, and Reading Literacy, as well as Problem Solving through the use of Computer-Based Assessment.

Assessing the Quality and Equity of Student Performance in Five Southeast Asian Countries

It can be argued that education is a major existing global force that has the ability to prevent future destruction of life on planet Earth. While both national economic development and life expectancy are components of the Human Development Index, education is a key component of the index.