I-Lin Yang

Characterization of particulate, metallic elements of TSP, PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 aerosols at a farm sampling site in Taiwan, Taichung

Atmospheric aerosol particles and metallic concentrations were monitored at the Experimental Farm of Tunghai University (EFTU) sampling site in this study. Total suspended particulate matter (TSP) was collected by using a PS-1 sampler at the farm-sampling site, in central Taiwan, from July 2001 to April 2002. At the same time, PM(2.5) and PM(2.5-10) were also measured with a Universal sampler from January 2002 to April 2002. Only subjects with the most complete data records on TSP sampling (N=43) and PM(10) sampling (N=23) were used in this analysis. Taichung Industrial Park, Taichung Kang Road (traffic) and a Hospital Incinerator surround the Experimental Farm of Tunghai University. Atmospheric concentrations of metallic elements were analyzed by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA-680/G). The results indicated that the metallic elements Mg, Cu and Mn were the largest components in the TSP fraction; the metallic elements Fe and Cd were the largest composition in the PM(2.5-10) fraction; however, the metallic elements Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni were the largest abundance in the PM(2.5) fraction. The atmospheric metallic elements in the TSP, PM(2.5) and PM(2.5-10) fractions came different emission sources, such as soil, traffic, industry and resuspended particles.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air of suburban and industrial regions of central Taiwan

The concentrations of gas-phase and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured simultaneously at an industrial area (Taichung Industrial Park) and a suburban area (Tunghai University Campus) in Taichung, Taiwan. Twenty-four hours samplings for two consecutive days were performed between August and December 2002 at both sampling sites. Ambient air particle-bound PAHs were collected on quartz filters and gas-phase PAHs were collected on glass cartridges using a PUF Sampler, respectively. Both types of samples were extracted with a DCM/n-hexane mixture (50/50, v/v) for 24 h, then the extracts were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. Total PAHs concentrations at the Taichung Industrial Park (TIP) sampling site and the Tunghai University Campus (THUC) sampling site were found to be 1232.3+/-963.6 and 609.8+/-356.3 ng/m(3), respectively. Stationary combustion processes were mainly responsible for PAHs sources at the TIP sampling site, while traffic vehicle exhaust was the largest contributor for PAHs sources at the THUC sampling site.

Characterization of Ambient Air Particulates and Particulate Mercury at Sha-Lu, Central Taiwan

Ambient air samples were collected between December 9, 2008, and January 14, 2009, at a highway traffic site located in Sha-Lu, central Taiwan. Atmospheric particulates and particulate bound mercury Hg(p) dry deposition, concentrations and dry deposition velocities were also studied. The objective of this study was to: 1) estimate the dry deposition concentrations of ambient air particulates and Hg(p) following 1- and 2-day sampling events using the total suspended particulates (TSP) sampler, and dry deposition plate (DDP) data; and 2) compare Hg(p) concentrations and dry deposition using two different media (i.e., quartz filter and projection film). The results obtained using overhead projection film as collection medium indicated that the average ambient air particulates dry deposition fluxes for the 1- and 2-day periods were 65.99 and 87.88 μ g/min m2, respectively. The corresponding fluxes using quartz filter collection medium were 67.31 and 52.53 μ g/min m2, respectively. Previous Hg related depositional studies have commonly used quartz filter as a collection media; however, in the work reported here overhead projection film was chosen due to its low cost as one of the collection medium, and the results obtained have been compared with the those estimated using quartz. Using the overhead projection collection medium, the average ambient air particulates dry deposition velocities for 1- and 2-day periods were 2.02 and 2.70 cm/sec, respectively, and the corresponding velocities with quartz film collection medium were 1.85 and 1.41 cm/sec, respectively. The overhead projection film collection medium results indicated that the average ambient air particulates bound Hg(p) dry deposition fluxes for the 1- and 2-day periods were 0.16 and 0.09 ng/min m2, respectively, and the corresponding fluxes estimated using the quartz filter collection medium were 0.21 and 0.11 ng/min m2, respectively. The average Hg(p) concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 0.86 ng/m2. The average ambient air particulates bound Hg(p) dry deposition velocities using the overhead projection collection medium for the 1- and 2-day periods were 6.79 and 3.32 cm/sec, respectively, and the corresponding velocities using quartz film collection medium were 8.94 and 4.41 cm/sec, respectively. In addition, the Hg(p) values associated with plant obtained in this study help to establish Hg(p) background concentrations in the air of specific area and also help to establish additional sources of Hg(p) link to distinct pollution events in Taiwan.

Suspended particulate variations and mass size distributions of incense burning at Tzu Yun Yen temple in Taiwan, Taichung

Ambient suspended particulate concentrations were measured at Tzu Yun Yen temple in this study. This is characteristic place of incense burning and indoor air pollution sampling site. A universal sampler, micro-orifice uniform deposited impactor (MOUDI) sampler and dry deposition plate were used to measure particulate concentrations. Tzu Yun Yen temple is a typical famous Buddhist-Taoist combined temple, where many pilgrims come from different areas and various belief systems indicating the eclecticism of the temple. The average number of people visiting this temple is above 5000 per day. The PM2.5/PM10 ratios ranged between 31.2 and 87.4% and averaged 69.6+/-12.3% during the incense-burning period, respectively. The results also demonstrated that the fine particulates concentrations (PM2.5) constituted the majority of indoor-suspended particulates at Tzu Yun Yen temple. PM10 concentration was 110.1 microg m(-3) for Zhong Yuan Jie (A festival on the seventh full moon in a lunar year, otherwise known as a summer lantern festival and (or) the commemoration of the dead. Almost all temples have maximum pilgrims for the commemoration of the dead on this day.) and the 1st or 15th of nong li (Nong li is a Chinese lunar calendar system in which 1 year is divided into fixed periods, and the beginning and end of a year is determined. The new moon and full moon are the 1st and 15th, respectively of each month in the Chinese lunar calendar. Many pilgrims appeared at each temple for blessing and good luck for themselves on the 1st and 15th of each Chinese lunar month.) with numbers higher than non-Zhong Yuan Jie and non-1st or -15th day of nong li (average = 85.5 microg m(-3)). In general, the average dry deposition flux (49.4 mg m(-2) day(-1)) in the indoor environment is lower than those measured in the outdoor environment (184.0 mg m(-2) day(-1)) in this study. The mean dry deposition flux of indoor/outdoor ratio was 46.2%. The average mass size distributions were bimodal with the major peaks within 0.56-1 microm and 5.6-10 microm, respectively during non-Zhong Yuan Jie and non-1st or -15th days of each month (Chinese lunar calendar). The average mass size distributions were bimodal with the major peaks within 0.18-0.32 microm and 5.6-10 microm, respectively during Zhong Yuan Jie and the 1st or 15th of nong li of each month (Chinese lunar calendar) at Tzu Yun Yen temple.

Dry deposition study by using dry deposition plate and water surface sampler in Shalu, central Taiwan

This study presents the chemical composition of dry deposition by using dry deposition plate and water surfaces sampler during daytime and nighttime sampling periods at a near highway traffic sampling site. In addition, the characterization for mass and water soluble species of total suspended particulate (TSP), PM2.5 and PM10 were also studied at this sampling site during August 22 to October 31 of 2006 around central Taiwan. The samples collected were analyzed by using Ion Chromatography (DIONEX 100) for the ionic species analysis. Results of the particulate dry deposition fluxes are higher in the water surfaces sampler than that of the dry deposition plate. In other words, the results also indicated that water surface can absorb more ambient dry deposition inorganic pollutants than that of dry deposition plate in this study. The results obtained in this study indicated that the ionic species of Cl−,

Study of particulates and metallic elements at a farm sampling site in central Taiwan

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Characterization, identification of ambient air and road dust polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in central Taiwan, Taichung

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