I. M. Kolesnikov

Thermodynamic parameters of conversion reactions of some heavy oil components under the action of steam and heat

The mechanism of the reactions of conversion of heavy oil components, viz., heteroatomic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, under conditions of steam and thermal action on the oil reservoir is studied. Based on the calculation of the thermodynamic parameters of the reactions, conclusions are drawn regarding the feasibility of the reactions and the primary directions of conversion of heavy oil components at the steam and thermal action temperature. The possibility, in principle, of occurrence of hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation, and hydrocracking in the presence of such hydrogen donors as polycyclic naphthenic-aromatic hydrocarbons and formic acid in the reaction system is demonstrated.

Mathematical Modeling of the Catalytic Cracking of Oil Sludge that has Been Subjected to Electromagnetic Activation

This article presents experimental and theoretical data on the catalytic cracking of oil sludge mixed with vacuum gas oil with and without activation of the feedstock by electromagnetic radiation. Mathematical models of the catalytic cracking of oil sludge in the presence of aluminosilicate zeolite catalysts are constructed. It is demonstrated that preactivation of the feedstock enhances gasoline and diesel yield upon cracking. Cracking of activated feedstock occurs with a lower activation energy.

Performance of Reformers with Different Catalyst Distributions in the Reactors. Parametric Equations for Calculating the Octane Number of the Reformate

We present production data on operation of reactor blocks in reformers. We identify the typical behavior of the change in temperature differential in the reactors as the reactor run time and the ratio of the catalyst volumes in the reactors are varied. It is shown that the n-paraffin content in the reformate corresponds to the temperature differential in the reactors. We propose parametric equations for calculating the octane number of the reformate for known aromatic hydrocarbon content in the reformate and known density.

Mechanism of Combustion of Fuel‐Air Mixtures

A new mechanism of combustion of fuel‐air mixtures in internal combustion engines was formulated. According to this mechanism, a set of active particles: radicals, cation‐ and anion‐radicals, ions, and electrons, participate in the combustion process.

Modeling of Combustion Processes in Internal Combustion Engines

Improving internal combustion engines (ICE) and increasing the quality of operation are linked with the necessity of maximally increasing the degree of compression. For ICE with spark ignition (otto cycle), the possibilities for such an increase are limited by “knock,” a complex, incompletely investigated phenomenon.

Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on the Thermal Cracking of Activated Oil Sludge

Calculations are performed to determine ionization potentials and wave parameters for different types of bonds, which allows the minimum time of activation of hydrocarbons containing those bonds to be calculated as well. Results are presented from a study of the effect of the parameters of electromagnetic radiation on the yields of products in the thermal cracking of non-hydrofined oil sludge. The results were used to construct the first mathematical models that make it possible to both interpolate and extrapolate the parameters of the sludge-cracking operation.

Optimization of Conditions for Production of a Composite Additive

We have established the effect of production temperature conditions on the performance characteristics of the composite additive Evropris for diesel fuels, including cetane-booster, pour-point depressant, antiwear, smoke-suppressant, and dispersant components. We determined the optimal temperature for mixing the individual components of the additive that ensures maximum improvement in the cetane number and anti-wear properties of the diesel fuel and reduced exhaust smoke. The composite additive improves the properties of the fuel as a result of the synergistic effect between its components. We use a semi-empirical quantum chemical method to estimate the excitation energy for the individual components of the additive to be excited to the lower triplet state plus their stability.

Distribution of Total and Mercaptan Sulfur in Close-Cut Gasoline Fractions of Crude Oil of Various Compositions

The total and mercaptan sulfur contents in gasoline fractions of crude oils of various compositions and their blends with gas condensates are analyzed. An analysis has been made of the distribution of low-molecular mercaptans in close-cut gasoline fractions. Recommendations are offered for optimization of the fractional composition of the feedstock of the hydrofining unit of the reforming plant

Quantum-chemical study of the complexation of maleimide with benzene and water molecules

The density functional theory methods (B3LYP and PBE0) and the Möller-Plesset perturbation theory methods of second, third, and fourth orders (MP2, MP3, and MP4) are used to calculate the structure and energy of molecular complexes of benzene with maleimide and water, maleimide dimers in the ground and lowest excited triplet state, and the energies of interaction of the molecules in the complexes. The perturbation theory methods predict the existence of bound states for all the complexes studied. The largest binding energies are obtained for the benzene-maleimide complex, a result that explains why maleimide-based dispersants are used to disintegrate molecular associates of hydrocarbons in petroleum fractions.

Effect of Temperature on Hydrogen–Free Atmospheric Reforming

Hydrogen–free reforming of naphtha cuts under pressure of 1.5–3 MPa, called zeoforming, was studied in detail in [1, 2]. We created a process for hydrogen–free catalytic reforming at atmospheric pressure, called “KATRIFAT,” as a result of selecting a mixture of dehydrocyclization, cracking, and isomerization catalysts [3, 4].