I Made Damriyasa

Reducing zoonotic and internal parasite burdens in pigs using a pig confinement system

Aim: This study was designed to validate the effectiveness of the pig confinement system (PCS) in reducing the prevalence of zoonotic and internal parasite burdens in pigs. Materials and Methods: Ten PCS households were selected together with 10 households practising traditional scavenging systems. Five pigs were monitored per household every 3 months for 15 months and blood and feces collected. Pigs received a single dose of oxfendazole at 30 mg/kg at baseline. Qualitative fecal examinations for intestinal parasite stages were performed, and serum was tested for antibodies to cysticercus of Taenia solium, Trichinella spp., and Toxoplasma gondii. Results: Based on fecal examination, the prevalence of pigs positive for parasite eggs was reduced in PCS pigs over consecutive samplings (Ascaris suum [14.3% to 0%], Trichuris suis [46.9% to 8.3%], Strongyle-type eggs [81.6% to 8.3%], Physocephalus spp. [6.1% to 0%], and Metastrongylus apri [20.8% to 0%]) compared with increases in the number of pigs positive for parasite eggs in non-PCS pigs (T. suis [20-61.5%], Strongyle-type [60.4-80.8%], Physocephalus spp. [8.3-15.4%], and M. apri [20.8-34.6%]) and little change in pigs positive for A. suum (18.8-19.2%). While the prevalence of pigs with antibodies against to cysticerci of T. solium reduced in PCS pigs from 18% to 14%, the prevalence in non-PCS pigs increased from 42% to 52%. Antibodies to Trichinella were not detected, but the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies increased from 6% to 10% in PCS pigs and from 7% to 24% in non-PCS pigs. Conclusion: These data demonstrate the potential of a PCS to reduce the prevalence of pigs infected with zoonotic and internal parasites and thus the risk to human and pig health.

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in local Bali dog

Aim: The aim of this research was to identify the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in local Bali dogs. Materials and Methods: A total of 147 local Bali dog serum samples have been examined for antibodies of N. caninum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Results: The results confirmed that 5 (3.4%) local Bali dogs have antibody for N. caninum. There were no significant differences in seroprevalence of Neospora infection in local Bali dogs between different genders, ages, and take care methods (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results provided evidence for the presence of N. caninum infection in local Bali dogs and thus the risk to Bali cattle and dog health.

Seroprevalensi Sistiserkosis pada Babi di Papua (SEROPREVALENCE OF PIG CYSTICERCOSIS IN PAPUA REGION)

Pig cysticercosis is an infection caused by the larval stage of pork tapeworm and Papua is one of thelargest endemic areas of cysticercosis in Indonesia. This survey aim was to determine the seroprevalenceof pig cystisercosis in Papua. A total of 311 pig serum samples collected from six regencies in Papuawereexamined using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA). The result of the survey showed that theaverage seroprevalence of pig cysticercosis in Papua was 23.5% (73/311), where the highestseroprevalencewas found in the regency of Jayawijaya was 42.6% (43/101), Biak 22.5% (9/40), Nabire 20.6% (7/34),Mimika 17% (8/47), Jayapura 13.5% (5/37), and Merauke 1.9% (1/52). It can be concluded that theseroprevalence of pig cysticercosis in Papua is still high, therefore, it is necessary to do more intensiveprograms to prevent and control this disease.

The Potential Risk Factors for Toxoplasmosis in Balinese Pregnant Women-Indonesia

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that causes a zoonotic disease which is dangerous if suffered by immunodeficient patients or pregnant women. Primary infection in pregnant women can cause abortion, intra uterine fetal death (IUFD) or birth defects. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii among pregnant women in Badung regency, Bali and identify potential risk factors for infection. Methods: Between July and October 2013, 330 pregnant women were surveyed and tested for IgG antibodies to T. gondii by ELISA test, and risk factors were calculated. Results: Thirty-six women (10.9%) were positive for T. gondii antibodies. The prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii was found to be significantly associated with keeping house cats, cleaning up of cat excrement, frequency of consumption of lawar (a Balinese dish containing raw meat) and consumption of raw meat. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that prevalence of T. gondii in Balinese pregnant women was high, with identified risk factors being house cat ownership and care, and consumption of raw meat. As many of the pregnant women studied were unaware of the risk factors for toxoplasmosis, a major education campaign, promoting healthy life style choices for primary prevention of T. gondii infection, is needed in