I Made Sudiana

Lipid Accumulation By ATH Using Palm Oil Mill Effluent As Substrate

Large amount of palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generated annually. The waste would bepotential for production of single cell oils (SCOs). The objective of this study was to evaluatelipid accumulation by fungi using POME as substrate. Seven filamentous fungi were initiallyisolated from various biomes. The study results showed that out of these 7 fungi, five of themproduced endoglucanase and accumulated lipid about 34.3-87.5 persen of their dry cell mass usingPOME as substrate. The five fungi were identified as ATH, sp.,sp., sp. 1 T30, and sp.2 T50. The highest lipid accumulation wasobtained by ATH. The profile of trans-esterified SCOs revealed high content ofsaturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids i.e., palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic(C18:1) acids similar to conventional vegetable oils used for biodiesel production. The strainthat was able to use organic substrates in POME indicated that they are promising strain forbiofuel feedstock as well as for fulfilling effluent quality for wastewater discharge BIOTROPIA Vol. 21 No. 2, 2014: 100 - 110

Dictyobacter aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Ktedonobacteraceae, isolated from soil, and emended description of the genus Thermosporothrix

A mesophilic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming bacterium that formed branched mycelia was isolated from paddy soil in Gunung Salak (Mount Salak), West Java, Indonesia. This strain, designated S-27T, grew at temperatures between 20 and 37 °C; the optimum growth temperature was 25 to 30 °C, and no growth was observed at 15 or 45 °C. The pH range for growth was pH 3.5 to 8.6; the optimum pH was 6.0, and no growth was observed at pH 3.0 or 9.2. Strain S-27T was able to hydrolyse polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose and xylan. The G+C content of the DNA of strain S-27T was 55.7 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 2-OH, and the major menaquinone was MK-9 (H2). The cell wall of strain S-27T contained d-glutamic acid, glycine, l-alanine, d-alanine, l-ornithine and β-alanine in a molar ratio of 1.0 : 1.6 : 1.4 : 0.6 : 0.9 : 1.1. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two glycolipids. The major cell-wall sugar was arabinose. Detailed phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain S-27T belongs to the order Ktedonobacterales and is most closely related to Ktedonobacter racemifer SOSP1-21T (89.6 % sequence identity). On the basis of its chemotaxonomic and phenotypic features and phylogenetic position, we concluded that strain S-27T represents a novel genus and species, for which we propose the name Dictyobacter aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Dictyobacter aurantiacus is strain S-27T (=NBRC 109595T=InaCC B312T). Emendation of the description of the genus Thermosporothrix is also provided.

IDENTIFICATION OF YEASTS ISOLATED FROM GUNUNG HALIMUN NATIONAL PARK*[Identifikasi Khamir pada Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun]

Dua puluh sembilan isolat khamir diisolasi dari tanah Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun. Sumber isolat berasal dari batang pohon lapuk, akar lapuk yang diambil dari Gunung Botol, Cikaniki, dan Cipta Rasa untuk dipelajari aspek taksonominya. Berdasarkan atas karakter morfologi dan fisiologi, isolat-isolat tersebut digolongkan kepada kelompok ascomyceteous, basidiomyceteous dan imperfect khamir. Selanjutnya ketiga golongan tersebut dimasukkan ke dalam sepuluh kelompok (Kelompok 1 sampai X). Dari 29 isolat tersebut, 7 isolat dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok I diindentifikasi sebagai Debaryomyces hansenii, 6 dalam kelompok II sebagai Candida sp, 2 dalam kelompok III sebagai Pichia membranafaciens, 5 isolat dalam kelompok IV sebagai Candida galacta, 1 dalam kelompok V sebagai Candida sake, 4 dalam kelompok VI sebagai Cryptococcus humicolus, 1 dalam kelompok VII sebagai Rhodotorula minuta, 1 dalam kelompok VIII sebagai Candida sp, 1 dalam kelompok Candida sp, dan 1 dalam kelompok X dalam Candida sp. Macam sampel tampaknya tidak berpengaruh kepada keragaman jenis khamir seperti ditunjukkan oleh jenis yang sama diisolasi dari berbagai jenis sampel. Dari banyaknya jenis khamir yang diisolasi menunjukkan bahwa keragaman jenis khamir di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun tergolong tinggi.

THE COMMUNITY OF SOIL YEASTS IN GUNUNG HALIMUN NATIONAL PARK

Fifty-two isolates were isolated from Gunung Halimun National Park on the basis of morphological and some physiological characteristics.Those isolates were belonged to three groups namely, ascomycetous, basidiomycetous and imperfect yeasts.Rhodotolum sp.was only found in Ciptarasa site at 1500 m asl, ascomycetous yeasts was only isolated from deteoretic root in Gunung Botol site, while Candida sp.(small globose shaped cells) was only isolated from soil at 1800 m asl of Gunung Botol site. Type of plant species appeared has no effect on yeasts diversity as shown by similar yeasts diversity was observed at rhizosphere soil of three dominating plant (Schima waallichii, Castanopsis javanica and Altingia excelsa) at Cikaniki study site.