I. Oliver

Hypouricemia, Hypercalciuria, and Decreased Bone Density: A Hereditary Syndrome

Genetically determined hypouricemia in man due to increased renal urate clearance is usually associated with additional renal tubular defects (1–3). Renal hypouricemia due to an isolated renal tubular defect has also been described but appears to be a rare condition (4,5). We report a new genetically determined syndrome in man, in which the renal hypouricemia is associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria and decreased bone density.

Band Keratopathy Due to Hyperparathyroidism

A patient with hyperparathyroidism and corneal calcifications is reported. The calcifications appeared following phosphate treatment and persisted for 31/2 years, despite local instillation of EDTA. Local application of EDTA after mechanical removal of the corneal epithelium completely eliminated the corneal deposits.

Orthophosphate Treatment of Calcium Lithiasis Associated with Idiopathic Hypercalciuria

Oral orthophosphate treatment was given to 33 subjects with idiopathic hypercalciuria, 28 of them with calcium salt lithiasis. A decrease in urinary calcium excretion was observed in 31 of the subjects. The treatment appeared clinically beneficial in 8 out of 11 patients with metabolically active stone disease. Indications and contraindications to oral orthophosphate treatment are discussed.

Urolithiasis Associated with Idiopathic Hypercalciuria. A Series of Fifty Male Patients

The term idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) refers to a syndrome of unestablished aetiology, comprising hypercalciuria, intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, normocalcemia, normo- or hypophosphatemia, and a high frequency of calcium stones. Underlying primary mechanisms may include intestinal overabsorption, decreased tubular calcium reabsorption, and possibly increased bone catabolism.

Treatment of Cystine Lithiasis by Alkalinization and D-Penicillamine

Cystine stone formation is a common development in cystinuric subjects. mainly in homozygotes (1). Hydromechanic disturbance and recurrent urinary tract infection are frequent in patients with cystine lithiasis and often lead to renal failure (2). Since preventive treatment has shown to be feasible (3). early diagnosis of cystine lithiasis. based upon detection of cystinuria and demonstration of cystine as the main stone component, is of the utmost importance. In the present communication we report our experience with treatment by alkalinization and d-penicillamine in a large series of cystine lithiatic patients with prolonged follow-up.