I. Tkach

UH 3 -based ferromagnets: New look at an old material

UH3 is the first discovered material with ferromagnetism based purely on the 5f electronic states, known for more than half century. Although the U metal is Pauli paramagnet, the reduced 5f-5f overlap in compounds allows for moment formation and ordering, typically if the U-U spacing exceeds the Hill limit, i.e. about 340 pm. The stable form of UH3, known as β-UH3, has rather high TC ≈ 170 K. Such high value is rather unusual, considering dU-U = 331 pm. Properties of metastable α-UH3 with dU-U = 360 pm could be never well established. Using the fact that α-UH3 is in fact bcc U with interstitials filled by H, we attempted to synthesize α-UH3 starting from the γ-U alloys, with the bcc structure retained to room temperature by doping combined with ultrafast cooling. While up to 15% Zr a contamination by β-UH3 was obtained, 20% Zr yielded single phase α-UH3. The TC value remains high and very similar to β-UH3. One can see an increase up to 187 K for 15% Zr, followed by a weak decrease. Magnetic moments remain close to 1 μB/U atom. An insight is provided by ab-initio calculations, revealing a a charge transfer towards H-1s states, depopulating the U-6d and 7s states, leaving almost pure 5f character around the Fermi level. The 5f magnetism exhibits a high coercivity (μ0Hc up to 5.5 T) and large spontaneous volume magnetostriction of 3.2*10-3. Even higher increase of TC, reaching up to 203 K, can be achieved in analogous Mo stabilized hydrides, which yield an amorphous structure. The compounds represent, together with known hydrides of U6Fe and U6Co, a new group of robust 5f ferromagnets with small dU-U but high TC. Although common hydrides are fine powders, some of the new hydrides described as (UH3)(1-x)T x (T = Zr or Mo) remain monolithic, which allows to study transport and thermodynamic properties.

Superconductivity in the splat-cooled UMo alloys

We have investigated the superconductivity in splat-cooled UMo alloys by low-temperature resistivity and specific-heat measurements down to 0.4 K. The γ-U materials, such as U-Mo15 (with 15 at.% Mo doping), exhibit a conventional BCS superconductivity with Tc = 2.1 K and upper critical field exceeding 5 T, much higher than that for α-U materials. The alloys with <10 at.% Mo doping consist of a mixed γ + α-U phase. The superconducting transition in the U-Mo6 revealed by a smooth decrease below 1.5 K and a sharp drop at 0.6 K in the resistivity indicating that γ-U grains are embedded in the α-U matrix. The superconductivity transition was revealed by λ-type peak at Tc in the C(T) curve only for U-Mo15, while only one broad peak at Tc in the C(T) curves were observed for other UMo splats. With applying the magnetic fields, the resistivity jumps and specific-heat peaks move to lower temperatures.