İbrahim Çobanoğlu

Investigation of the Usability of Travertine Quarry Wastes As Concrete Aggregate

Denizli havzasi dunyanin onemli traverten uretim sahalarindan biridir. Kaklik, Kocabas, Honaz, Asagidagdere, Akkoy, Civril bolgeleri uretim yapilan traverten sahalaridir. Bolgenin tektonizmadan etkilenmis olmasi, ocak isletme verimlerinde dususlerin olmasina neden olmaktadir. Tel kesme yontemi ile elde edilen bloklardan kalan uretim artigi travertenler pasa olarak dokum sahalarinda depolanmaktadir. Bu malzemeler baska bir amacla kullanilmamaktadir. Bu calismada, ocak uretiminden cikan parca seklindeki travertenlerin betonda agrega olarak kullanilabilirligi arastirilmistir. Bu amacla agregalarin fiziko-mekanik ozellikleri tespit edilmis, deneme beton karisimlari hazirlanmistir. C30 sinifinda dayaniminin hedeflendigi beton orneklerinin 7, 28 ve 56 gunluk dayanimlari belirlenmistir. Elde edilen traverten agregali beton, halen bir beton firmasi tarafindan uretilen kirmatas agregali beton ile kiyaslanmistir. Kiyaslama icin ayni beton sinifinda kirectasi agregali bir baska beton karisimi tasarlanmis ve ayni deney prosedurleri bu malzeme icin de yapilmistir. Elde edilen betonlardan ince kesitler yapilarak tanelerin cimento malzemesi icindeki dagilimlari ve aderans iliskileri polarizan mikroskopla incelenmistir. Dayanim testleri, traverten agregali beton icin 32.80-42.70 MPa ve kirectasi agregali beton icin 39.34-46.04 MPa degerlerini vermistir. Sonuclar traverten agregali betonun hedeflenen C30 sinifi beton dayanim degerlerini sagladigini gostermistir. Bu calisma traverten uretim artiklarinin beton uretiminde agrega olarak kullanilabilecegini ortaya koymustur. Denizli bolgesinde halen bu sekilde uretim yapan bir tesis bulunmamaktadir. Alternatif bir yapi malzemesi olan traverten olusumlarinin, briket, bordur ve kilit tasi uretimlerinde de rahatlikla kullanilabilecek ozellikte olduklari dusunulmektedir. Bu amacla bu calismaya benzer farkli calismalarin da yapilmasi gerekmektedir. Denizli basin is one of the most important travertine deposition area around the world. Kaklik, Kocabas, Honaz, Asagidagdere, Akkoy, Civril are major production areas. Tectonic activity in the region has been negatively affected the block production efficiency in the quarries. Quarry wastes by wire cutting are collected in waste disposal areas and these materials do not use for any other purposes. In this study, investigation of usability of different sized travertine quarry wastes in concrete as aggregate is aimed. For this purpose, physico mechanical properties of aggregates were investigated and concrete mixtures were prepared. Strength of 7, 28 and 56 days concrete samples which are targeted of C30 concrete class were also determined. Strength of prepared travertine aggregated concrete compared to still being produced concrete. For comparison, all procedures were performed for limestone aggregated concrete. Thin sections were prepared for investigations of distribution and coupling of grains in cement material under polarizan microscope. 32.80-42.70 MPa and 39.34-46.04 MPa strengths were determined for travertine aggregated and limestone aggregated concretes respectively. By using travertine aggregate, limit values for C30 concrete class have been reached. This study demonstrates that the travertine quarry wastes can be used as aggregates in concrete. In Denizli region there is no concrete firm use travertine wastes as aggregate. It is thought that, as an alternative building material travertine can be used in production of brick, curbs, keystone and various materials. For this aim more detailed experimental studies on travertines are needed.

General material properties of Denizli (SW Turkey) travertines as a building stone

The quality and material properties of Denizli travertine as a natural building stone have been investigated. The Denizli region is one of the world’s major travertine deposits and production basins. Travertine blocks are extracted from over fifty quarries in the region. In this study, investigations and evaluations of experimental test results of travertine samples from six areas (Kaklık–Kocabaş, Honaz–Emirazizli, Aşağıdağdere, Akköy, Karaçay and Çivril), which represent the entire Denizli basin, are presented. Kaklık–Kocabaş is the biggest production area in the region, and therefore most of the quarries are located in this area. Physical, mechanical, micro-structural and macro-structural properties of the travertine samples are evaluated within the scope of stone quality assessment. Variations of test results by area are presented, and correlations between them are proposed. Test results are also compared with the results of various studies from Turkey and other parts of the world.RésuméLa qualité et les propriétés des travertins de Denizli comme matériaux naturels de construction ont été étudiées. La région de Denizli représente un gisement et un bassin de production de travertins parmi les plus importants au monde. Des blocs de travertin sont extraits de plus de cinquante carrières dans la région. Dans cet article, sont présentés les résultats d’études et de tests réalisés sur des échantillons issus de six secteurs d’exploitation (Kaklık-Kocabaş, Honaz-Emirazizli, Aşağıdağdere, Akköy, Karaçay et Çivril) représentant l’ensemble du bassin de Denizli. Kaklık-Kocabaş est la plus grande zone de production de la région, la plupart des carrières y sont situées. Les propriétés physiques et mécaniques, ainsi que les propriétés relatives à la microstructure et la macrostructure des échantillons analysés sont présentées dans la perspective d’une évaluation de qualité des produits. Les résultats des tests sur les échantillons issus des différentes zones de production sont comparés et des corrélations sont proposées. Ces résultats sont également comparés avec les résultats provenant d’autres études réalisées en Turquie ou dans d’autres parties du monde.