Ibrahim Erhan Gelgor

Intraosseous Screw–Supported Upper Molar Distalization

The aims of the present study were to investigate (1) the efficiency of intraosseous screws for anchorage in maxillary molar distalization and (2) the sagittal and vertical skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes after maxillary molar distalization using intraosseous screw-supported anchorage. Twenty-five subjects (18 girls and seven boys; 11.3 to 16.5 years of age) with skeletal Class I, dental Class II malocclusion participated in the study. An anchorage unit was prepared for molar distalization by placing an intraosseous screw behind the incisive canal at a safe distance from the midpalatal suture following the palatal anatomy. The screws were placed and immediately loaded to distalize upper first molars or the second molars when they were present. The average distalization time to achieve an overcorrected Class I molar relationship was 4.6 months. The skeletal and dental changes were measured on cephalograms and dental casts obtained before and after the distalization. In the cephalograms, the upper first molars were tipped 8.8 degrees and moved 3.9 mm distally on average. On the dental casts, the mean distalization was five mm. The upper molars were rotated distopalatally. Mild protrusion (mean 0.5 mm) of the upper central incisors was also recorded. However, there was no change in overjet, overbite, or mandibular plane angle measurements. In conclusion, immediately loaded intraosseous screw-supported anchorage unit was successful in achieving sufficient molar distalization without major anchorage loss.

Comparison of soft tissue cephalometric norms between Turkish and European-American adults.

One of the most important components of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is the evaluation of the patients soft tissue profile. The main purpose of this study was to develop soft-tissue cephalometric standards for Turkish men and women and compare them with the cephalometric standards of normal European-American white people. The sample included 96 Turkish adults (48 women, 48 men), aged 20 to 27 years. Turkish subjects have increased facial convexity associated with retruded mandible, more obtuse lower face-throat angle, increased nasolabial angle and upper lip protrusion, deeper mentolabial sulcus, and smaller interlabial gap compared with European-American white people. It is appropriate to consider these differences during routine diagnosis and treatment planning of a Turkish patient or an American patient of European ancestry. Turkish males reveal more obtuse mandibular prognathism and upper lip protrusion, and smaller nasolabial angle than females.

Effects of Different Chlorhexidine Formulations on Shear Bond Strengths of Orthodontic Brackets

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the application of different chlorhexidine formulations to the etched enamel will not affect shear bond strength (SBS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four freshly extracted human premolars were collected and stored in distilled water. The teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric and were rinsed and dried. The teeth then were divided into four equal groups. While Group 1 served as a control, Groups 2 to 4 were treated before bonding with a chlorhexidine formulation that included solution (2%), gel (1%), and mouthwash (0.2%). Orthodontic brackets were bonded with Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). Bond strength results were evaluated with the use of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P < .05) and post hoc tests. Modes of failures were verified by means of scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Although no statistically significant difference was observed between Groups 1 and 4 (P > .05), both were statistically superior to Groups 2 and 3 (P < .05). In this in vitro study, the observed measures for Groups 2 and 3 (14.5-10.6 MPa) were lower than those for Groups 1 and 4 (27.3-24.9 MPa), but these values were much higher than those required for clinical use (6-8 MPa). CONCLUSION The hypothesis is rejected. The application of chlorhexidine mouth rinse before bonding had no significant effect on the SBS value, and the application of chlorhexidine solution and gel significantly decreased SBS.

Non-surgical treatment of Class III malocclusioninadults:twocasereports

Class III malocclusions are usually growth-related discrepancies, which often become more severe until growth is complete. The surgery can be part of the treatment plan. The purpose of this report is to review the orthodontic treatment of two patients with a Class III malocclusion who were treated non-surgically. The basis for this treatment approach is presented and the final treatment result reviewed. Important factors to consider when establishing a Class III molar relationship are discussed.

Comparison of Two Different Gingivectomy Techniques for Gingival Cleft Treatment

Interdental clefts or invaginations contribute to orthodontic relapse and poor periodontal health in extraction cases. These clefts or invaginations can be removed both by electrosurgical or conventional surgical gingivectomy techniques. This study investigates and compares the efficacy of two different techniques to remove gingival clefts with respect to periodontal health and patient tolerance. Twenty-two patients (mean age, 15.7 years) with bilateral gingival clefts participated in this study. In each patient, the gingival invaginations were removed by gingivectomy using electrosurgery on one side and conventional surgery on the contralateral side. The length and depth of the invaginations, the gingival index of the adjacent teeth, and the changes in visual analogue scale scores were recorded before and after the operation for both groups. Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the data statistically. The results showed significant improvement in invagination depth and length and gingival index scores for both techniques. There were no statistical differences between the two gingivectomy techniques with respect to gingival health and patient tolerance. Both techniques can be used to remove the gingival invaginations efficiently.

Effects of silica coating and silane surface conditioning on the bond strength of rebonded metal and ceramic brackets

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tribochemical silica coating and silane surface conditioning on the bond strength of rebonded metal and ceramic brackets. Material and Methods Twenty debonded metal and 20 debonded ceramic brackets were randomly assigned to receive one of the following surface treatments (n=10 for each group): (1) sandblasting (control); (2) tribochemical silica coating combined with silane. Brackets were rebonded to the enamel surface on the labial and lingual sides of premolars with a light-polymerized resin composite. All specimens were stored in distilled water for 1 week and then thermocycled (5,000 cycles) between 5-55°C. Shear bond strength values were measured using a universal testing machine. Students t-test was used to compare the data (α=0.05). Failure mode was assessed using a stereomicroscope, and the treated and non-treated bracket surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results Rebonded ceramic brackets treated with silica coating followed by silanization had significantly greater bond strength values (17.7±4.4 MPa) than the sandblasting group (2.4±0.8 MPa, P<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the rebonded metal brackets treated with silica coating with silanization (15±3.9 MPa) and the sandblasted brackets (13.6±3.9 MPa). Treated rebonded ceramic specimens primarily exhibited cohesive failure in resin and adhesive failure at the enamel-adhesive interface. Conclusions In comparison to sandblasting, silica coating with aluminum trioxide particles followed by silanization resulted in higher bond strengths of rebonded ceramic brackets.

Use of the intraosseous screw for unilateral upper molar distalization and found well balanced occlusion

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to present a temporary anchorage device with intraosseous screw for unilateral molar distalization to make a space for the impacted premolar and to found well balanced occlusion in a case.Case presentationA 13-year-old male who have an impacted premolar is presented with skeletal Class I and dental Class 2 relationship. The screw was placed and immediately loaded to distalize the left upper first and second molar. The average distalization time to achieve an overcorrected Class I molar relationship was 3.6 months. There was no change in overjet, overbite, or mandibular plane angle measurements. Mild protrusion (0.5 mm) of the upper left central incisor was also recorded.ConclusionImmediately loaded intraosseous screw-supported anchorage unit was successful in achieving sufficient unilateral molar distalization without anchorage loss. This treatment procedure was an alternative treatment to the extraction therapy.

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Dysfunction and its Association with Malocclusion in Children: An Epidemiologic Study

INTRODUCTION Malocclusion is one etiological factor of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). This study investigates the prevalence of TMD and the relationship between TMD and the type of occlusion. STUDY DESIGN A sample of 923 children (463 girls and 460 boys, ages 7-12 years old) was grouped not only by chronological age but also by gender. The information was collected on functional occlusion (anterior and lateral sliding, interferences), dental wear, mandibular mobility (maximal opening, deflection, deviation), and temporomandibular joint and muscular pain recorded by palpation. RESULTS Headache was the only symptom of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) reported by the children. The results showed that one or more clinical signs were recorded in 25% of the subjects, most of which were mild in character. The prevalence increased during the developmental stages. Girls were in general more affected than boys. CONCLUSIONS In this study, many subjects with TMD had malocclusions. Early treatment may be important in the prevention of severe TMD. Significant associations were found between different signs, and TMD was associated with posterior crossbite, anterior open bite, Angle Class II and III malocclusions, and extreme maxillary overjet.

Determination and Application of Pont's Index in Turkish Population

Disharmony between tooth size and dental arch size induces orthodontic problems. So, dental indices were identified by various authors. One of these is Pont who determined a method of prediction of the ideal dental arch width which has become known as Ponts Index. The purpose of this study was to assess the applicability of Ponts Index to a Turkish population and to compare the results with those obtained from studies of different ethnic subjects. The sample comprised 64 male subjects and 78 female subjects with age range from 14 to 15 years. Measurements were obtained directly from plaster casts; they included mesiodistal crown diameters of the four maxillary incisors, as well as interpremolar and intermolar maxillary arch widths as specified by Pont. Correlation coefficients determined between the measured arch width values and those calculated according to Ponts Index were low in all cases, with r values ranging from 0.02 to 0.36. It was concluded that Ponts Index should not be used to predetermine ideal arch width values in Turkish individuals.

Maxillary advancement with rigid external distractor device and mandibular setback in a severe Class III adult patient

Class III skeletal malocclusion, which is one of the most complainable anomaly by patients can be the result of mandibular prognathism and/or maxillary deficiency. With the advancements in surgical techniques and knowledge, today bimaxillary surgical procedures are frequently used to correct this anomaly so that only mandibular set back operations had been performed in the past. Distraction osteogenesis or callus distraction, which is a process of bone regeneration between the surfaces of vascularized bone segments separated by gradual distraction is a method of bone generation without using bone or soft-tissue grafts. The purpose of this report is to present the orthodontic-orthognathic treatment of a patient with severe Class III skeletal malocclusion having ankylosing spondylitis with the use of a rigid external distraction and mandibular set back technique.