Ibrahim Turna

Variation of some morphological and electrophoretic characters of 11 populations of Scots pine in Turkey

In this study, the genetic variation in populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), one of the species covering large areas in Turkey, was investigated. Open pollinated seeds were collected from 11 populations in a natural distribution range. Six characters of seeds (length, width, ratio of length to width, weight/1000 seeds) and seedling (cotyledon number and hypocotyls height) and two enzyme systems (leucine aminopeptidase, LAP; glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, GOT) were investigated. Significant differences were detected among the populations for the morphological characters. In addition, isozyme patterns of the two enzyme systems revealed that Lap has two loci (one with 2 alleles and the other with 3), while Got has three loci (two with 3 alleles and the third one with 2 alleles). Polymorphic loci were 80% on the average. The mean number of alleles per locus was 2.02, and expected heterozygosity was 22%. The mean total genetic diversity was calculated as 0.235; the mean gene diversity within ...

Effect of heat on seed germination of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra ssp. pallasiana

The present note presents and explains the results of a study dealing with the germination of seeds subjected to heat. Seeds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra ssp. pallasiana) were exposed to a range of temperatures (70, 90, 110, 130, and 150 ◦ C) for different exposure times (1 and 5 min). Germination rates were similar for all treatments and control at 1 min exposure for Anatolian black pine seeds, and almost no germination took place for all treatments at 5 min exposure. Similar results were obtained for Scots pine seeds, with the exception of a sharp decrease in the number of seeds germinated above 110 ◦ C.The effect of increasing the exposure time to 5 min was immediate, and no germination took place above 90 ◦ C. Results obtained indicate that seeds of the two species do not necessarily need fire for successful regeneration, but fires may have a positive effect on the germination by removing crown cover, thereby providing more light for the seeds deposited to the ground.

Determination of Genetic Variation Between Populations of Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana Mattf According to Some Seed Characteristics

The success of any sustainable reforestation program, among other things, hinges on a continuous supply of high quality seeds for the production of the desired quantity of seedlings in nurseries or for successful stand establishment by direct sowing out in the field. What is seed quality then? Seed quality is defined as “a measure of characters or attributes that will determine the performance of seeds when sown or stored” (Hampton 2002). It is a multiple concept encompassing the physical, physiological, genetic, pathological and entomological attributes that affect seed lot performance (Basu, 1995).

Genetic variation in Tertiary relics: The case of eastern-Mediterranean Abies (Pinaceae)

Abstract The eastern‐Mediterranean Abies taxa, which include both widely distributed species and taxa with minuscule ranges, represent a good model to study the impacts of range size and fragmentation on the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation. To assess the patterns of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among eastern‐Mediterranean Abies taxa, genetic variation was assessed by eight nuclear microsatellite loci in 52 populations of Abies taxa with a focus on those distributed in Turkey and the Caucasus. Both at the population and the taxon level, the subspecies or regional populations of Abies nordmanniana s.l. exhibited generally higher allelic richness, private allelic richness, and expected heterozygosity compared with Abies cilicica s.l. Results of both the structure analysis and distance‐based approaches showed a strong differentiation of the two A. cilicica subspecies from the rest as well as from each other, whereas the subspecies of A. nordmanniana were distinct but less differentiated. ABC simulations were run for a set of scenarios of phylogeny and past demographic changes. For A. ×olcayana, the simulation gave a poor support for the hypothesis of being a taxon resulting from a past hybridization, the same is true for Abies equi‐trojani: both they represent evolutionary branches of Abies bornmuelleriana.

Karyotype variation within some native populations of oriental spruce (Picea orientalis) in Turkey

Karyological studies have been investigated within 8 native Anatolian populations of oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link) in Turkey. The somatic chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 24 has been observed in all accessions. The karyotypes are generally asymmetrical with most of the chromosomes having median to median-submedian centromeres. Inter-population variability of the karyotype was summarized with cluster analysis. We found that the karyotypes have positively correlated with the altitudes of the natural habitats. The high value of karyotype asymmetry may be attributed to both microenvironment and natural regeneration methods used in oriental spruce.

DOĞU KARADENİZ BÖLGES BAZI KİVİ PLANTASYON ALANLARI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Do g u Karadeniz bolgesi kivi plantasyon alanlarinin incelenmesi amaciyla yapilan bu cali s mada; bolgede tesis edilmi s bazi kivi plantasyonlari; genel ozellikleri, toprak ve tesis s ekli Bakimindan ele alinmi s tir. Buna gore; bolgede kurulan kivi plantasyon alanlarinin golgeli ve gune s li baki gruplarinda tesis edilmi s oldu g u, e g im bakimindan % 50 e g ime kadar olan alanlarda tesis edilmi s olmakla birlikte, ortalama e g imin % 15 oldu g u, rakimin deniz seviyesinden 700 m’ye kadar cikti g i, ortalama rakimin ise 190 m oldu g u belirlenmi s tir. Toprak ozellikleri bakimindan toprak turunun genellikle kumlu balcik karakterinde oldu g u, pH’nin 4.6 ile 7.0 arasinda de g i s ti g i ve ortalama 6.04 oldu g u, organik madde miktarinin ise %1.41 oldu g u tespit edilmi s tir. Plantasyon amaciyla olu s turulan tesisler; demir, ah s ap ve beton malzemeler ile T-direk s eklindedir. Ortalama tesis yuksekli g inin 1.98 m, tesis aralik x mesafesinin ise 5 x 5 m oldu g u anla s ilmaktadir. Ya s ama yuzdesi ise %60-100 arasinda de g i s mekte olup ortalama de g er % 91’dir. Kivi Do g u Karadeniz Bolgesi icin cok uygun bir tur olup adaptasyon ba s arisi icin tekni g ine uygun hareket edilmesi kacinilmazdir.