Idhamsyah Eka Putra

Who is to blame, the victims or the perpetrators? A study to understand a series of violence targeting the accused heretic group Ahmadiyya.

Conducted in Indonesia, this study analyzes how a religious group accused of being heretical ended up receiving threats and a number of violent reactions, a situation in which the victims were considered to have caused the violence. The study presented here focused on this case of the Ahmadiyya, a minority Muslim group in Indonesia that are the most frequently reported as being victims of violence. In total, 309 Sunni Muslims participated in filling out open-ended questions, and 10 Sunni Muslims (all male) participated in interviews discussing the Ahmadiyya and interreligious groups. We found that a substantial number of majority Sunni Muslims think that the values of the Ahmadiyya group are incompatible with common, mainstream Muslim values. As a consequence, their existence is considered a threat and a disruption to the Muslim community. Therefore, violence is justified if the group insists upon continuing their religious activities. In the eyes of these Sunni Muslims, Ahmadiyya members undermine the coherence within the Muslim community, and occurrence of violence against Ahmadiyya members is thus thought to be the victim’s own fault.

PEMAKNAAN ISTRI NAPI TEROR TERHADAP TINDAKAN SUAMI

Abstract — Terrorism is one of the topics that have been studied much by psychology at least in one and half last decades. Many research explained motivation, personality tendention, and thinking structure of terrorists. But studies to terrorist’s wives were not much conducted yet. Terrorist’s wives are individuals which not always have same thought with the husband. Eventhough they have high conformity level, not all of them adopt husband’s thought. There are wives that more inclusive or more radical than their husband. This research purpose to know how wives means terror act of husband. Whether they accept or decline. Wive’s interpretation is also explain whether they agree or deny to terror act commontly. The participants of this research are 4 wives of terror convict in Jakarta, Semarang, and Cilacap. The approach used is qualitative with interview method and qualitative thematic analysis as analysis technic. The data is displayed descriptively with excerpts of interview to give strengthening. The result shows that 2 wives think that their husbands’ terror act is right. They handling husbands’ acts are da’wah and struggling for Islam, not terror. 2 others wives think that their husbands are wrong. Their husbands are convicted due to against the law. If husband does not against the law, they will not be convicted. This research also finds that the difficult live which wive facing for convict time of husband is not always linear with declining to terror act. Abstrak — Terorisme menjadi salah satu topik yang banyak dikaji oleh ilmu psikologi setidaknya satu setengah dasawarsa terakhir. Berbagai penelitian telah menjelaskan motivasi, kecenderungan kepribadian, dan struktur berpikir para teroris. Namun penelitian terhadap istri teroris belum banyak dilakukan. Istri teroris adalah individu yang tidak selalu memiliki pemikiran sama dengan suami. Meskipun memiliki kepatuhan yang tinggi, tidak semuanya mengadopsi faham suami. Ada istri yang lebih inklusif, ada pula yang lebih radikal dari suami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana istri memaknai tindakan teror suami. Apakah mereka membenarkan atau menyalahkan. Pemaknaan istri sekaligus dapat mendeskripsikan apakah mereka setuju atau menolak tindakan teror. Partisipan penelitian adalah 4 istri narapidana teror (napiter) di Jakarta, Semarang, dan Cilacap. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode wawancara dan qualitative thematic analysis sebagai teknik analisis. Data disajikan secara deskriptif disertai kutipan-kutipan hasil wawancara untuk memberikan penguatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 2 istri memandang tindakan terorisme suaminya benar. Mereka memaknai tindakan suami adalah dakwah dan perjuangan Islam, bukan teror. Dua istri lainnya memandang suaminya yang salah. Suami ditangkap karena melanggar hukum. Jika tidak melanggar hukum suami mereka tidak akan di penjara. Penelitian juga menemukan bahwa kesulitan yang dialami istri selama masa tahanan suami tidak selalu linier terhadap penolakan terhadap tindakan teror.