Ignacio Jáuregui Lobera

Body image quality of life in eating disorders.

Purpose: The objective was to examine how body image affects quality of life in an eating-disorder (ED) clinical sample, a non-ED clinical sample, and a nonclinical sample. We hypothesized that ED patients would show the worst body image quality of life. We also hypothesized that body image quality of life would have a stronger negative association with specific ED-related variables than with other psychological and psychopathological variables, mainly among ED patients. On the basis of previous studies, the influence of gender on the results was explored, too. Patients and methods: The final sample comprised 70 ED patients (mean age 22.65 ± 7.76 years; 59 women and 11 men); 106 were patients with other psychiatric disorders (mean age 28.20 ± 6.52; 67 women and 39 men), and 135 were university students (mean age 21.57 ± 2.58; 81 women and 54 men), with no psychiatric history. After having obtained informed consent, the following questionnaires were administered: Body Image Quality of Life Inventory-Spanish version (BIQLI-SP), Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Results: The ED patients’ ratings on the BIQLI-SP were the lowest and negatively scored (BIQLI-SP means: +20.18, +5.14, and −6.18, in the student group, the non-ED patient group, and the ED group, respectively). The effect of body image on quality of life was more negative in the ED group in all items of the BIQLI-SP. Body image quality of life was negatively associated with specific ED-related variables, more than with other psychological and psychopathological variables, but not especially among ED patients. Conclusion: Body image quality of life was affected not only by specific pathologies related to body image disturbances, but also by other psychopathological syndromes. Nevertheless, the greatest effect was related to ED, and seemed to be more negative among men. This finding is the opposite of that found in other groups studied previously.Purpose: The objective was to examine how body image affects quality of life in an eating-disorder (ED) clinical sample, a non-ED clinical sample, and a nonclinical sample. We hypothesized that ED patients would show the worst body image quality of life. We also hypothesized that body image quality of life would have a stronger negative association with specific ED-related variables than with other psychological and psychopathological variables, mainly among ED patients. On the basis of previous studies, the influence of gender on the results was explored, too. Patients and methods: The final sample comprised 70 ED patients (mean age 22.65 ± 7.76 years; 59 women and 11 men); 106 were patients with other psychiatric disorders (mean age 28.20 ± 6.52; 67 women and 39 men), and 135 were university students (mean age 21.57 ± 2.58; 81 women and 54 men), with no psychiatric history. After having obtained informed consent, the following questionnaires were administered: Body Image Quality of Life Inventory-Spanish version (BIQLI-SP), Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), SelfEsteem Scale (SES), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Results: The ED patients’ ratings on the BIQLI-SP were the lowest and negatively scored (BIQLI-SP means: +20.18, +5.14, and −6.18, in the student group, the non-ED patient group, and the ED group, respectively). The effect of body image on quality of life was more negative in the ED group in all items of the BIQLI-SP. Body image quality of life was negatively associated with specific ED-related variables, more than with other psychological and psychopathological variables, but not especially among ED patients. Conclusion: Body image quality of life was affected not only by specific pathologies related to body image disturbances, but also by other psychopathological syndromes. Nevertheless, the greatest effect was related to ED, and seemed to be more negative among men. This finding is the opposite of that found in other groups studied previously.

Body image and quality of life in a Spanish population

Purpose The aim of the current study was to analyze the psychometric properties, factor structure, and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI-SP) as well as its test–retest reliability. Further objectives were to analyze different relationships with key dimensions of psychosocial functioning (ie, self-esteem, presence of psychopathological symptoms, eating and body image-related problems, and perceived stress) and to evaluate differences in body image quality of life due to gender. Patients and methods The sample comprised 417 students without any psychiatric history, recruited from the Pablo de Olavide University and the University of Seville. There were 140 men (33.57%) and 277 women (66.43%), and the mean age was 21.62 years (standard deviation = 5.12). After obtaining informed consent from all participants, the following questionnaires were administered: BIQLI, Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Results The BIQLI-SP shows adequate psychometric properties, and it may be useful to determine the body image quality of life in different physical conditions. A more positive body image quality of life is associated with better self-esteem, better psychological wellbeing, and fewer eating-related dysfunctional attitudes, this being more evident among women. Conclusion The BIQLI-SP may be useful to determine the body image quality of life in different contexts with regard to dermatology, cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, and endocrinology, among others. In these fields of study, a new trend has emerged to assess body image-related quality of life.PURPOSEnThe aim of the current study was to analyze the psychometric properties, factor structure, and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI-SP) as well as its test-retest reliability. Further objectives were to analyze different relationships with key dimensions of psychosocial functioning (ie, self-esteem, presence of psychopathological symptoms, eating and body image-related problems, and perceived stress) and to evaluate differences in body image quality of life due to gender.nnnPATIENTS AND METHODSnThe sample comprised 417 students without any psychiatric history, recruited from the Pablo de Olavide University and the University of Seville. There were 140 men (33.57%) and 277 women (66.43%), and the mean age was 21.62 years (standard deviation = 5.12). After obtaining informed consent from all participants, the following questionnaires were administered: BIQLI, Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R).nnnRESULTSnThe BIQLI-SP shows adequate psychometric properties, and it may be useful to determine the body image quality of life in different physical conditions. A more positive body image quality of life is associated with better self-esteem, better psychological wellbeing, and fewer eating-related dysfunctional attitudes, this being more evident among women.nnnCONCLUSIONnThe BIQLI-SP may be useful to determine the body image quality of life in different contexts with regard to dermatology, cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, and endocrinology, among others. In these fields of study, a new trend has emerged to assess body image-related quality of life.

Análisis de las actitudes alimentarias en una muestra de adolescentes de Sevilla

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEnStudies in communitarian samples are the most used for detection of eating disorders. We analyze the presence of these disorders in a sample of teenagers in Seville.nnnPOPULATION AND METHODnTwo questionnaires were applied, both internationally recognized for this type of analysis (EAT-40 and SCOFF), to 318 students, male and female, 12-18 years old. The prevalence of disorders was analyzed according to the cut-off point of the tests, the differences between men and women, the evolution according to age and the correlation between both instruments.nnnRESULTSnWe found that 22.8% individuals had significant scores in the SCOFF and 9.43% in the EAT-40. Among men and women, the differences turned out to be significant (6.66% and 2.66% in SCOFF and EAT-40 for male students; 29.66% and 15.47% for female). There was a positive correlation between the SCOFF scores and the age of the students, and we observed a <<tip value>> in 12 years old men, the only age at which they surpassed women in the percentage of positives with both tests.nnnCONCLUSIONSnWe found a prevalence of eating disorders that as higher than reported in other studies of the 80-90s. This seems to indicate that we are attending a greater presence of risk behaviours, slightly more in women. The concordance between the 2 instruments is adequate, and they are useful for the screening of eating disorders, although a confirmation structured interview is necessary.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Eating Behaviours and Body Image Test for Preadolescent Girls (EBBIT)

The purpose of the current study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the Eating Behaviours and Body Image Test for Preadolescent Girls (EBBIT), as well as its factor structure and internal consistency. A further objective was to determinate the convergent validity between measures of body mass index (BMI) and scores on the Body Dissatisfaction (BD) subscale, taking into account a wider questionnaire, known as the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-2). Once the original scale was translated, 525 girls (age range 7–12 years) were assessed by the EBBIT, and the BD subscale. Students were weighed and measured, using calibrated electronic instruments to calculate BMI scores. Factor analysis suggested two primary factors which represent body image dissatisfaction/restrictive eating (BIDRE) and binge eating behaviours (BEB). The internal consistency of the EBBIT was 0.904. A multiple regression analysis was performed using BMI, age and BD subscale data (independent variables). Results suggest that scores on the EBBIT factors are related to body size satisfaction. Higher BMI and higher BD scores were associated with higher scores on the BIDRE, and BD scores were associated with higher scores on the BEB factor.

Screening for eating disorders in a psychiatric outpatient population.

Background: Some studies have found “hidden” eating disorders in psychiatric patients. However, eating behaviour, weight, and body image concerns are usually weakly assessed among psychiatric patients. Objectives: a) To analyse the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in patients referred from primary care for psychiatric assessment; and b) to analyse the psychopathological variables associated with these disorders. Methods. Ninety-three patients underwent psychometric assessment using Derogatis’ Symptom Checklist-90-R, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Perceived Stress Questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40), the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE), and the Body Dissatisfaction Scale of the Eating Disorders Inventory-2. The subsequent clinical assessment, applying DSM-IV-R criteria for ED, was conducted by means of interview with those patients whose scores on the EAT-40 and BITE were above the cut-off points. Results: The assessments confirmed one case of bulimia nervosa and three of unspecified eating disorder, these accounting for 1.07% and 3.22%, respectively. Conclusion: The existence of hidden ED in psychiatric patients, especially as regards bulimic behaviour, and the correlation between eating disorder symptoms and different psychopathological variables make it important for clinicians to conduct a proper assessment when faced with “anxiety and depressive syndromes”, which are a common feature of primary care referrals for psychiatric assessment.Background: Some studies have found “hidden” eating disorders in psychiatric patients. However, eating behaviour, weight, and body image concerns are usually weakly assessed among psychiatric patients. Objectives: a) To analyse the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in patients referred from primary care for psychiatric assessment; and b) to analyse the psychopathological variables associated with these disorders. Methods. Ninety-three patients underwent psychometric assessment using Derogatis’ Symptom Checklist-90-R, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Perceived Stress Questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40), the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE), and the Body Dissatisfaction Scale of the Eating Disorders Inventory-2. The subsequent clinical assessment, applying DSM-IV-R criteria for ED, was conducted by means of interview with those patients whose scores on the EAT-40 and BITE were above the cut-off points. Results: The assessments confirmed one case of bulimia nervosa and thre...

Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y la personalidad. Un estudio con el MCMI-II

OBJECTIVEnTo study the personality characteristics in patients with eating behaviour disorders and the influence of these characteristics, and certain clinical syndromes on the progress of these disorders, particularly when they have lasted more than seven years.nnnDESIGNnStudy of comorbidity using a diagnostic test.nnnSETTINGnEating behaviour disorders unit outpatients.nnnPARTICIPANTSnA total of 147 patients with eating behaviour disorders being treated as outpatients. They were of normal weight, with a mean age of 22.24 years.nnnINTERVENTIONSnAssessment of personality and clinical syndromes using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-II).nnnMAIN MEASUREMENTSnMeans of the personality and clinical syndromes scales and determination of prevalence using a rate-base>84.nnnRESULTSnAt least one personality disorder was detected in 25.33% of patients with anorexia, 30.44% with bulimia nervosa and 32.13% with binge-eating disorder. In the purgative and non-purgative forms the prevalence was 31.07% and 24.75%, respectively. An obsessive disorder is more common in anorexia (39.77%); a histrionic disorder in bulimia (46.66%); a dependent disorder in the purgative forms (46.15%), and an obsessive one in the no-purgative forms (35.36%). As regards the mean scores, they were significantly higher in patients with bulimia for the histrionic disorder (P<.05). More hysterical type symptoms and hypomania were also observed in these patients (P<.01 and P<.05, respectively). Finally, the patients who had suffered the disorder for more than seven years registered more anxiety (P<.05), depressive neurosis (P<.05) and alcohol abuse (P<.01).nnnCONCLUSIONSnTo assess personality styles and clinical syndromes associated with eating behaviour disorders can be an important therapeutic and prognostic tool.

OriginalTrastornos de la conducta alimentaria y la personalidad. Un estudio con el MCMI-IIEating behaviour disorders and personality. A study using MCMI-II

OBJECTIVEnTo study the personality characteristics in patients with eating behaviour disorders and the influence of these characteristics, and certain clinical syndromes on the progress of these disorders, particularly when they have lasted more than seven years.nnnDESIGNnStudy of comorbidity using a diagnostic test.nnnSETTINGnEating behaviour disorders unit outpatients.nnnPARTICIPANTSnA total of 147 patients with eating behaviour disorders being treated as outpatients. They were of normal weight, with a mean age of 22.24 years.nnnINTERVENTIONSnAssessment of personality and clinical syndromes using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-II).nnnMAIN MEASUREMENTSnMeans of the personality and clinical syndromes scales and determination of prevalence using a rate-base>84.nnnRESULTSnAt least one personality disorder was detected in 25.33% of patients with anorexia, 30.44% with bulimia nervosa and 32.13% with binge-eating disorder. In the purgative and non-purgative forms the prevalence was 31.07% and 24.75%, respectively. An obsessive disorder is more common in anorexia (39.77%); a histrionic disorder in bulimia (46.66%); a dependent disorder in the purgative forms (46.15%), and an obsessive one in the no-purgative forms (35.36%). As regards the mean scores, they were significantly higher in patients with bulimia for the histrionic disorder (P<.05). More hysterical type symptoms and hypomania were also observed in these patients (P<.01 and P<.05, respectively). Finally, the patients who had suffered the disorder for more than seven years registered more anxiety (P<.05), depressive neurosis (P<.05) and alcohol abuse (P<.01).nnnCONCLUSIONSnTo assess personality styles and clinical syndromes associated with eating behaviour disorders can be an important therapeutic and prognostic tool.

Eating disorders during the adolescence: personality characteristics associated with anorexia and bulimia nervosa

INTRODUCTIONnPrevious studies provide relevant information about the relationship between personality and eating disorders (ED). The involvement of personality factors in the etiology and maintenance of ED indicates the need of emphasizing the study of the adolescents personality when diagnosed of ED.nnnOBJECTIVESnThe aims of this study were to analyze the adolescents personality profiles that differ significantly in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), and to explore the most common profiles and their associations with those subtypes of eating disorders (ED).nnnMETHODSnA total of 104 patients with AN and BN were studied by means of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI).nnnRESULTSnThe personality profiles that differ significantly in both AN and BN were submissive, egotistic, unruly, forceful, conforming, oppositional, self-demeaning and borderline. The most frequent profiles in AN were conforming (33.33%), egotistic (22.72%) and dramatizing (18.18%) while in the case of BN those profiles were unruly (18.42%), submissive (18.42%) and borderline (15.78%). We did not find any associations between the diagnostic subgroup (AN, BN) and the fact of having personality profiles that could become dysfunctional.nnnCONCLUSIONSnBearing in mind these results, it may be concluded that there are relevant differences between personality profiles associated with AN and BN during adolescence, so tailoring therapeutic interventions for this specific population would be important.

La distorsión cognitiva fusión pensamiento-forma en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria

En los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) se han comprobado distorsiones con relacion a la imagen corporal y el peso, siendo una de ellas la denominada fusion pensamiento-forma (TSF), por la que las personas que presentan esta distorsion saben, racionalmente, que pensar en comer alimentos prohibidos no causa realmente una ganancia de peso ni produce cambios en la forma corporal, si bien ello no impide que lo sientan a un nivel emocional. Objetivos: Se plantearon tres objetivos, con un estudio para cada uno de ellos. El objetivo del primero fue generar una version espanola y analizar las caracteristicas psicometricas del Cuestionario de Fusion Pensamiento-Forma, su estructura factorial, consistencia interna y validez. El segundo, determinar la relacion entre TSF y dispepsia funcional en pacientes con TCA y el tercero, comprobar los efectos de la provocacion experimental de la TSF, en pacientes con TCA y participantes no clinicos. Resultados y Conclusiones: La TSF puede ser evaluada psicometricamente mediante el cuestionario TSF-Q, cuya adaptacion espanola y validacion revela propiedades psicometricas adecuadas. El TSF-Q comprende dos subescalas, conceptual e interpretativa que, en su conjunto, parecen representar el constructo general denominado fusion pensamiento-forma, es decir, la atribucion de una excesiva importancia a pensamientos acerca de la comida, la forma corporal y el peso, mientras se interpretan tales pensamientos de un modo muy significativo para la persona. Desde el punto de vista clinico, especialmente en relacion con la ingesta de alimentos, los pacientes con TCA suelen presentar frecuentes sintomas gastrointestinales, generalmente funcionales (dispepsia funcional), relacionados con variables psicologicas y psicopatologicas. El analisis llevado a cabo revela que determinados sintomas de dispepsia (sensacion de saciedad e hinchazon tras las comidas) son mucho mas frecuentes en estos pacientes, existiendo relacion significativa entre esta sintomatologia y la TSF. La TSF podria contribuir al malestar de la dispepsia mediante pensamientos relacionados con la ingesta y la imagen corporal. De hecho, la TSF implica una respuesta egodistonica a la ansiedad producida ante la idea de posibles cambios corporales que la persona cree que pueden ocurrir tan solo con pensar en comer ciertos alimentos. La provocacion experimental de la TSF produce mas sentimiento de culpa, de gordura, de haber ganado peso y de haber hecho algo moralmente malo que la induccion de ansiedad o la exposicion a una situacion neutral. El resultado se observa en pacientes con TCA y en participantes no clinicos. La presencia de adecuadas estrategias de afrontamiento reduce el efecto de la induccion TSF en todos los casos. La induccion de la TSF no solo produce efectos a un nivel cognitivo-emocional, sino tambien en conductas como el intento de neutralizar el efecto de la TSF y/o la eleccion de una porcion de alimento significativamente menor entre los pacientes con TCA bajo la condicion TSF con respecto a los participantes no clinicos y las otras condiciones experimentales, ansiedad y control. Los cambios emocionales y conductuales inducidos en la condicion TSF son especificos para pensamientos relacionados con la ingesta de determinados alimentos. Los tres estudios realizados resultan originales, aportando un instrumento validado para su utilizacion en tareas clinicas y de investigacion con relacion a los TCA, un analisis de la influencia de la distorsion TSF en la clinica de los TCA y su tratamiento, y la demostracion de la influencia de las estrategias de afrontamiento en dicha distorsion tras su provocacion experimental.

Disgust sensitivity and eating behaviour

Abstract Background The relation between emotions and food disorders has been studied in depth, although disgust sensitivity has been frequently avoided even though it has been suggested that it could play some role in these disorders. Objective To analyse the relation between eating-related variables and other psychopathological variables with disgust sensitivity. Design Descriptive, cross comparison of two samples (clinical and control). Subjects and setting 57 patients with eating disorders and 40 university students were studied. The presence of eating disorders in the latter was a reason for being excluded. Measurements Disgust sensitivity scale, visual analogue scales for dyspepsia, a state-trait anxiety inventory, a depression inventory, an eating disorder inventory, and a thought-shape fusion questionnaire. Statistical analysis The differences between groups were analysed using a variance analysis. Associations among variables were studied using Pearsons correlation coefficient and a multiple regression analysis was carried out to identify predictors (psychopathological, related with disgust sensitivity) of variables related with the eating behaviour. Results There were no significant differences between the groups neither in the total disgust sensitivity marking nor in its sub-scales. The drive to thinness was in correlation with core disgust (rxa0=xa00.288; pxa0 Conclusions In spite of the absence of significant differences between groups, where it comes to disgust sensitivity, the relation between this sensitivity and other sensitivities specifically related with the eating behaviour, which are important in eating disorders, should be highlighted.