Ignacio Martín Llorente

The reservoir model and architecture for open federated cloud computing

The emerging cloud-computing paradigm is rapidly gaining momentum as an alternative to traditional IT (information technology). However, contemporary cloud-computing offerings are primarily targeted for Web 2.0-style applications. Only recently have they begun to address the requirements of enterprise solutions, such as support for infrastructure service-level agreements. To address the challenges and deficiencies in the current state of the art, we propose a modular, extensible cloud architecture with intrinsic support for business service management and the federation of clouds. The goal is to facilitate an open, service-based online economy in which resources and services are transparently provisioned and managed across clouds on an ondemand basis at competitive costs with high-quality service. The Reservoir project is motivated by the vision of implementing an architecture that would enable providers of cloud infrastructure to dynamically partner with each other to create a seemingly infinite pool of IT resources while fully preserving their individual autonomy in making technological and business management decisions. To this end, Reservoir could leverage and extend the advantages of virtualization and embed autonomous management in the infrastructure. At the same time, the Reservoir approach aims to achieve a very ambitious goal: creating a foundation for next-generation enterprise-grade cloud computing.

Cloud brokering mechanisms for optimized placement of virtual machines across multiple providers

In the past few years, we have witnessed the proliferation of a heterogeneous ecosystem of cloud providers, each one with a different infrastructure offer and pricing policy. We explore this heterogeneity in a novel cloud brokering approach that optimizes placement of virtual infrastructures across multiple clouds and also abstracts the deployment and management of infrastructure components in these clouds. The feasibility of our approach is evaluated in a high throughput computing cluster case study. Experimental results confirm that multi-cloud deployment provides better performance and lower costs compared to the usage of a single cloud only.

A framework for adaptive execution in grids

Grids offer a dramatic increase in the number of available processing and storing resources that can be delivered to applications. However, efficient job submission and management continue being far from accessible to ordinary scientists and engineers due to their dynamic and complex nature. This paper describes a new Globus based framework that allows an easier and more efficient execution of jobs in a ‘submit and forget’ fashion. The framework automatically performs the steps involved in job submission and also watches over its efficient execution. In order to obtain a reasonable degree of performance, job execution is adapted to dynamic resource conditions and application demands. Adaptation is achieved by supporting automatic application migration following performance degradation, ‘better’ resource discovery, requirement change, owner decision or remote resource failure. The framework is currently functional on any Grid testbed based on Globus because it does not require new system software to be installed in the resources. The paper also includes practical experiences of the behavior of our framework on the TRGP and UCM‐CAB testbeds. Copyright

From infrastructure delivery to service management in clouds

Clouds have changed the way we think about IT infrastructure management. Providers of software-based services are now able to outsource the operation of the hardware platforms required by those services. However, as the utilization of cloud platforms grows, users are realizing that the implicit promise of clouds (leveraging them from the tasks related with infrastructure management) is not fulfilled. A reason for this is that current clouds offer interfaces too close to that infrastructure, while users demand functionalities that automate the management of their services as a whole unit. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new abstraction layer closer to the lifecycle of services that allows for their automatic deployment and escalation depending on the service status (not only on the infrastructure). This abstraction layer can sit on top of different cloud providers, hence mitigating the potential lock-in problem and allowing the transparent federation of clouds for the execution of services. Here, we present Claudia, a service management system that implements such an abstraction layer, and the results of the deployment of a grid service (based on the Sun Grid Engine software) on such system.

OpenNebula: A Cloud Management Tool

In this installment of Trend Wars, we discuss cloud computing and OpenNebula with Ignacio M. Llorente and Rubén S. Montero, who are the principal investigator and the chief architect, respectively, of the open source OpenNebula project.

iCanCloud: A Flexible and Scalable Cloud Infrastructure Simulator

Simulation techniques have become a powerful tool for deciding the best starting conditions on pay-as-you-go scenarios. This is the case of public cloud infrastructures, where a given number and type of virtual machines (in short VMs) are instantiated during a specified time, being this reflected in the final budget. With this in mind, this paper introduces and validates iCanCloud, a novel simulator of cloud infrastructures with remarkable features such as flexibility, scalability, performance and usability. Furthermore, the iCanCloud simulator has been built on the following design principles: (1) it’s targeted to conduct large experiments, as opposed to others simulators from literature; (2) it provides a flexible and fully customizable global hypervisor for integrating any cloud brokering policy; (3) it reproduces the instance types provided by a given cloud infrastructure; and finally, (4) it contains a user-friendly GUI for configuring and launching simulations, that goes from a single VM to large cloud computing systems composed of thousands of machines.

IaaS Cloud Architecture: From Virtualized Datacenters to Federated Cloud Infrastructures

As a key component in a modern datacenter, the cloud operating system is responsible for managing the physical and virtual infrastructure, orchestrating and commanding service provisioning and deployment, and providing federation capabilities for accessing and deploying virtual resources in remote cloud infrastructures.

Scheduling strategies for optimal service deployment across multiple clouds

The current cloud market, constituted by many different public cloud providers, is highly fragmented in terms of interfaces, pricing schemes, virtual machine offers and value-added features. In this context, a cloud broker can provide intermediation and aggregation capabilities to enable users to deploy their virtual infrastructures across multiple clouds. However, most current cloud brokers do not provide advanced service management capabilities to make automatic decisions, based on optimization algorithms, about how to select the optimal cloud to deploy a service, how to distribute optimally the different components of a service among different clouds, or even when to move a given service component from a cloud to another to satisfy some optimization criteria. In this paper we present a modular broker architecture that can work with different scheduling strategies for optimal deployment of virtual services across multiple clouds, based on different optimization criteria (e.g. cost optimization or performance optimization), different user constraints (e.g. budget, performance, instance types, placement, reallocation or load balancing constraints), and different environmental conditions (i.e., static vs. dynamic conditions, regarding instance prices, instance types, service workload, etc.). To probe the benefits of this broker, we analyse the deployment of different clustered services (an HPC cluster and a Web server cluster) on a multi-cloud environment under different conditions, constraints, and optimization criteria.

Elastic management of cluster-based services in the cloud

In this paper we analyze the deployment of generic clustered services on top of a virtualized infrastructure layer that combines a VM manager (the OpenNebula engine) and a cloud resource provider (Amazon EC2). The use of this virtualization layer between the service and the physical infrastructure extends the classical benefits of VM platforms to distributed infrastructures. Additionally, the integration of the cloud in this layer allows us to give additional capacity to the services using an external provider, thus complementing the local infrastructure without notice from the users or affecting the service workload. This flexible approach, which separates the resource provisioning from the service management, provides important benefits: elastic service capacity to adapt it to its dynamic workload; physical infrastructure partitioning to isolate it from other running services; and support for heterogeneous configurations tailored for each service class. The feasibility of the proposed approach is analyzed for two different clustered services: a classical computing cluster and a web server.

A modular meta-scheduling architecture for interfacing with pre-WS and WS Grid resource management services

The last version of the Globus Toolkit includes both pre-WS and WS GRAM services to submit, monitor, and control jobs on remote Grid resources. In the medium term and until a full transition is accomplished, both pre-WS and WS GRAM services will coexist in Grid infrastructures. In this paper, we describe the modular architecture of the GridWay meta-scheduler, which allows the simultaneous and coordinated use of pre-WS and WS GRAM services and, therefore, makes easy the transition to a Web Service implementation of the Globus components. Such functionality is demonstrated on a infrastructure that comprises resources from a research testbed, based on the Globus Toolkit 4.0, and the EGEE production infrastructure, based on the LCG middleware. The Web Service implementation of Globus components has been optimized for flexibility, stability and scalability. However, part of the Grid community is still reluctant to transition to the Web Service model due mainly to its supposed lower performance. We demonstrate that WS GRAM achieves a performance comparable to that of pre-WS GRAM.