Ijaz Khan

A Survey of Human Age Estimation Techniques from Bone Microstructures

The skeleton of human changes with increasing age due to change in bone density. Bone tissues have the capability to store the information of these variations which can be used to predict age from human remains. This study discuss the process and factors that affect human skeleton with increasing age. The techniques to carry out human age estimation are discussed as well, which shows that there is a strong co-relation between increasing age and bone micro structures. Microscopic analysis of osteons, haversian canal and circumferential lamella were analyzed in these techniques to estimate age.

Vision based composite approach for lethargy detection

This paper presents a fatigue detection techniques based on computer vision. Fatigue is detected from face and facial features of driver. Hybrid method is used for face and facial feature detection which not only increase the accuracy of the system but also decrease the processing time. Skin color pixels detection and viola Jones methods is used for face detection and knowledge based division method is used to increase the accuracy of facial feature detection. Also a dynamic threshold value is used for yawning and eyes status detection. The average yawning false alarm rate is 1.5% and closed eyes false alarm rate is 0.13%. Algorithm is developed in MATLAB software. The average accuracy of the system is 97.7%.

Proposed Wireless sensor network in vehicles for road surveillance

Considering wide application of Ultra wide Band (UWB) Wireless sensor networks (WSN) and the need of safety precautions on road due to heavy traffic this paper presents an algorithm design of a proposed radar surveillance system that can be used in vehicles for road surveillance. The system is an extension of UWB intruder localization system which uses one transmitter and three receivers. The algorithm is designed by creating a hybrid of three widely used WSN algorithms Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Time of Arrival (ToA) and Angle of Arrival (AoA). RSSI is used for range estimation form receivers while AoA and ToA are used to specify surveillance area for each receiver. Virtual Reference Tags (VRTs) which are previously used in RFID localization systems are also part of our design, to point exact location of intruding vehicle and reduce error. Each VRT has the information of received signal strength and distance from receivers. Also this paper presents a new driver alerting method which is designed on steering wheel of vehicle. This alerting method provides road surveillance information to driver without distracting his attention.

Automated human age estimation at death via bone microstructures

This paper present a proposed method for automatic human age at death estimation using image processing and pattern recognition techniques. The bone samples are taken from ulna, radius, humerus, femur, tibia and fibula of Malaysian population. Ten different bone microstructures are selected for analysis in order to create regression equation for age estimation. Selected microstructure can be extracted using image preprocessing and texture extraction algorithms. Different classification methods are proposed for automatic human age estimation in Malaysian population. This paper provide significant implications in the computation of fragmentary skeletal remains and forensic population samples for age estimation purpose.

Analysis of age-related changes in Haversian canal using image processing techniques

The human skeleton changes with increasing age that alters the structure and number of bone microstructures, which includes osteon, lamellae, and haversian canals. Bone tissues have the capability to store the information of these variations which can be analyzed even after death. Much research has been done on European and American populations to analyze the age related change in haversian canals. This study is conducted on Malaysian population samples to analyze the effect of age related changes on haversian canals. Image processing techniques has been used to extract bone microstructures from microscopic images. The results shows that haversian canals area and number of haversian canals have a positive correlation with increasing age which suggested that haversian canal size increased with growing age.