Ikbal Ali

Reliable, Fast, and Deterministic Substation Communication Network Architecture and its Performance Simulation

A highly reliable, fast, and deterministic communication network is required to support time-critical real-time monitoring, protection, and control functions of the substation automation systems (SAS). This paper proposes an Ethernet-based logical architecture for the substation communication network (SCN). Improved reliability, availability, and survivability of the SAS are demonstrated through the unique architectural features of this SCN, whereas the end-to-end (ETE) time-delay performance of the SCN architecture is evaluated with the help of simulation. The optimized network engineering tool modeler is used for modeling and simulation of the various nodes of the SCN and the communication traffic according to IEC 61850, the International Electrotechnical Commissions (IEC) standard for Communication Networks and Systems for Substation.

Communication Design for Energy Management Automation in Microgrid

Real-time energy management automation in microgrid can improve energy security, reliability, efficiency, and power quality but is a challenging issue as it requires a robust, deterministic, and interoperable communication architecture. IEC 61850-based communication architecture has the potential to be the promising solution for microgrid automation. Hence, this paper addresses this challenge by proposing IEC 61850-based design and modeling of IEDs for different types of distributed energy resources and a new logical node for controllable loads along with the design of structure and size of communication messages required for energy management automation in microgrid for the first time. This paper demonstrates the validation and implementation of the proposed design and modeling through a real-time system-in-the-loop simulation for a test microgrid. Finally, to justify the feasibility of the proposed design and modeling, dynamic performance of the microgrid communication architecture is evaluated in terms of end-to-end delay and throughput for different network topological configurations. This paper intends to provide a platform to model, configure, and evaluate a promising future standards-based communication for microgrid automation.

IEC 61850 Substation Communication Network Architecture for Efficient Energy System Automation

Abstract High-speed peer-to-peer IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE and IEC 61850-9-2 sampled values based information-exchange among IEDs in modern IEC 61850 substations have opened the opportunity for designing and developing innovative all-digital protection applications. The transmission reliability and real-time performance of these SVs and GOOSE messages, over the process-bus network, are critical to realize these all-digital IEC 61850 substation automation systems (SASs) protection applications. To address the reliability, availability, and deterministic delay performance needs of SAS, a novel IEC 61850-9-2 process-bus based substation communication network (SCN) architecture is proposed in this article. Reliability of the proposed as well as the traditional process-bus based SCN architectures is evaluated using the reliability block diagram (RBD) approach. Network components are modeled, and end-to-end (ETE) time-delay performance is also evaluated for all-digital protection applications running on the SCN architectures simulated in the OPNET modeler platform. The reliability and performance results of the proposed architecture compared to the traditional architectures confirmed its highly reliable, fast, and deterministic nature.

GOOSE based protection scheme implementation & testing in laboratory

Distributed protection functions implementation, within an integrated substation, demands very high-speed and reliable mechanism to support peer-to-peer communications for the proper operation of Substation Automation System (SAS). This paper demonstrates the practical implementation and testing of protection scheme based on high-speed peer-to-peer communication using GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) message model in a laboratory setup. The laboratory setup used for this work is conceptualized and commissioned in the Substation Automation Laboratory of Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India.

Communication modeling of Phasor Measurement Unit based on IEC 61850-90-5

The advent of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), has provided a major breakthrough in catering the needs of dynamic measurements for the power industry. Since its evolution, there has been large number of applications which requires synchrophasor data, generated by the PMU, to provide enhanced real time performance. The measurement and communication requirements of PMU are well answered by IEEE C37.118 protocol. This paper proposes a communication model of PMU along with various functionalities necessary for transition from IEEE C37.118 protocol to a more secure, scalable IEC 61850-90-5 protocol. The Information modeling i.e. logical nodes and data objects required for PMU wide area communication as per IEC 61850-90-5 standard are presented. The mapping of sample value data of PMU over IP network for wide area communication is presented.

Using IEC 61850 and IEEE WAVE standards in ad-hoc networks for electric vehicle charging management

As Electric Vehicles (EVs) grow in popularity in developed countries, their integration within the Internet of Things (IoT) domain is envisaged. When fitted with wireless sensors and communication devices, On-Board Units (OBUs) for example, EVs have the ability to establish links with their surroundings. In this regard, EVs could communicate with Road Side Units (RSUs) in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs) and smartgrid. This paper proposes an EV charging load management scheme based on communication between EVs and RSU modeled on the IEEE Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) standard and EV communication with charging stations (CSs) modeled on the IEC 61850 power utility automation and communication standard. Communication and service models of EVs communication with RSUs and CSs based on the IEEE WAVE and IEC 61850 standards are developed. An EV charge scheduling algorithm based on communication among EVs, ITS components like RSUs and smartgrid components like CSs is also presented.

Synchronizing solar cell, battery and grid supply for development of smart power system for home

The power demand is ever increasing and the power deficit in developing country like India is a major problem. In order to meet this growing demand power utility has the serious concern about the availability of conventional resources. Hence, the demand for renewable energy resources has gained rapid pace in the present scenario. The paper considered a realistic problem of power utilities and tried to give an alternative to meet the customers demand during peak load time. In the proposed approach of smart power system for home (SPSH) two different loads as DC and AC load are considered and the results are simulated in MATLAB environment. The synchronization of DC power from solar panel and storage battery has been successfully achieved. The power consumption is met by using battery backup when grid supply is not available. This is to help the consumers to meet their load demand by developing a smart power system for home, and to promote local power generation.

Design and simulation of communication architecture for differential protection in IEC 61850 based substations

Modern power utility systems consist of multiple substations forming a complex energy network. These substations are being automated with globally accepted communication standard IEC 61850. The automation results in efficient operation and enhanced protection of power network with communication system. Implementing the protection schemes modelled with communication configurations with standardized information exchange will lead to digital power grid. Designing a protection scheme between multiple substations based on IEC 61850 communication configuration is a challenge. This paper presents communication configuration for line current differential protection schemes applied between two automated substations. This paper also presents the simulation of communication configuration network between two substations for its performance evaluation using a network simulator tool. These simulation results will result in realizing robust protection scheme with IEC 61850 based communication configuration.

Interoperable Framework for IEC61850-Compliant IEDs and Noncompliant Energy Meters with SCADA

Abstract Modern substation automation involves integrating IEC 61850 compliant IEDs and noncompliant energy meters with an already-existing multi-vendor SCADA at the station level. Due to the lack of knowledge toward the IEC 61850 standard, it is difficult to write applications for reading and processing data from IEDs. Therefore, utilities either have to replace the older applications with IEC 61850 compliant ones or use protocol converters to acquire data from IEDs and to exchange the data with other applications. This article presents an approach for an interoperable framework of SCADA with IEC61850 compliant IEDs and non-IEC61850 energy meters for accessing data. The data are stored in an open file format that can be accessed by any other application at the station level with minimal engineering efforts. To integrate a non-IEC61850 energy meter with the SCADA, an AMI head-end application is developed that also stores the data in an open file format. The implemented methodology allows retaining the SCADA, a non-IEC61850 compliant application, while opting for IEC61850-based substation automation systems.

Information modeling for Distributed Energy Resource integration in IEC 61850 based substations

With the increasing deployment of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in the distribution system, DERs presents many challenges for smooth and stable operation of the grid. For the effective management of DERs extensive communication between different components of DER and distribution system is required. To standardize the communication methods and modeling of logical nodes required for Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in DERs, data modeling of DERs is issued in IEC 61850-7-420 standard. This paper has contributed communication modeling of Green Energy Resources (GERs) and other DERs, modeling of messages exchanged among different IEDs with regard to their optimum structure & size and a Substation Communication Network (SCN) topology. End to End (ETE) time delay performance of the designed communication configuration architecture is presented using OPtimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET). The dynamic performance result in the SCN has demonstrated the successful communication configuration for integrating the DERs in distribution system.