Ikuo Ishibori

Performance and operation of a beam chopping system for a cyclotron with multiturn extraction

A beam chopping system for a cyclotron is in operation at the JAERI cyclotron facility. A combination of a pulse voltage chopper in the injection line and a sinusoidal voltage chopper after the exit of the cyclotron is adopted to produce beam pulses spaced at 1 μs–1 ms intervals from natural cyclotron beams. The chopping system was designed according to a simple formulation of the chopping process in which the multiturn extraction was taken into account. Performance of the chopping system was experimentally proved to satisfy requirements of the design. In actual operation to produce beam pulses at long intervals, however, the number of the multiturn extraction is usually larger than the assumed value in the design because of a large phase acceptance of the cyclotron. Careful tuning of the acceleration phase width or the base magnetic field of the cyclotron is necessary to reduce it. It is essential to strictly define the acceleration phase of injected beams in the central region of the cyclotron to improv...

Flat-top acceleration system for the variable-energy multiparticle AVF cyclotron

A flat-top acceleration system appropriate to minimization of energy spread in an ion beam was investigated for the JAERI AVF cyclotron. A combination of the fundamental- and the fifth-harmonic voltages to obtain a homogeneous energy gain distribution of accelerated particles is ideally suited to a variable-energy multiparticle cyclotron using acceleration harmonics of 1, 2, and 3. The flat topping of the energy gain distribution using the fifth harmonics has the advantages of minimizing amplifier power, reducing power dissipation in a resonator, and increasing the energy gain per turn. The flat-top acceleration system was designed to reduce the energy spread to 0.02%, which fulfills a beam focusing condition for production of a microbeam with a beam spot diameter of 1 μm. Tolerable fluctuations of acceleration voltages, required to achieve the energy spread of 0.02%, were 2.0×10−4 for the fundamental voltage and 1.0×10−3 for the fifth-harmonic voltage. Both fundamental- and fifth-harmonic phases were req...

Magnetic field stabilization by temperature control of an azimuthally varying field cyclotron magnet

A magnetic field drift, gradual decrease of the order of 10−4 in several tens of hours, was observed with the beam intensity decrease in an operation of an azimuthally varying field (AVF) cyclotron. From our experimental results, we show that the temperature increase of the magnet iron by the heat transfer from the excitation coils can induce such change of the magnetic field as to deteriorate the beam quality. The temperature control of the magnet iron was realized by thermal isolation between the main coil and the yoke and by precise control of the cooling water temperature of the trim coils attached to the pole surfaces in order to prevent temperature change of the magnet iron. The magnetic field stability of ±5×10−6 and the beam intensity stability of ±2% have been achieved by this temperature control.

An energy spread minimization system for microbeam generation in the JAERI AVF cyclotron

A heavy-ion microbeam with energy of hundreds of MeV is a significantly useful probe for research in biology and biotechnology. A single-ion hit technique using the heavy-ion microbeam is being developed at the JAERI AVF cyclotron facility for elucidation of biofunctions. For production of a microbeam with a spot size of one micro-meter in diameter, the energy spread in the beam is required to be reduced to 0.02% to minimize the effect of chromatic aberrations in the focusing lenses. The energy spread in the cyclotron beam depends on a waveform of the acceleration voltage and beam phase acceptance of the cyclotron. The typical energy spread of the cyclotron beam is around 0.1% in the ordinary acceleration mode using a sinusoidal voltage waveform. The energy spread can be reduced by superimposing a fifth-harmonic voltage waveform on the fundamental one to generate a flat-top waveform for uniform energy gain. The flat-top acceleration system has been designed for the variable-energy multi-particle AVF cyclotron with acceleration harmonic mode of 1, 2 and 3. An additional coaxial cavity has been installed to generate the fifth-harmonic voltage, coupled to the main resonator. The frequency range of the fifth harmonics, 55–110 MHz, was fully covered by the flat-top acceleration system.

TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF A CYCLOTRON MAGNET FOR STABILIZATION OF THE JAERI AVF CYCLOTRON BEAM

Frequent corrections of the magnetic field of the JAERI AVF cyclotron were required for keeping a beam current constant during long time operation. We observed correlation between the magnetic field and the temperature of the cyclotron magnet yoke by measuring the magnetic field with an NMR probe and the temperature with platinum resistance thermometers. As a result, this instability of a cyclotron beam was induced by temperature-change of the magnet yoke caused mainly by thermal conduction from the main coil. To restrain the thermal conduction to the yoke, we have inserted temperature-controlled copper plates between the yoke and the main coil. In addition, a temperature control system for the cooling water of the trim coils has been installed, which is independent of the total cooling system for controlling the pole tip temperature. An optimum condition of the temperature control systems for stabilizing the magnetic field has been investigated.

DESIGN OF THE FLAT-TOP ACCELERATION SYSTEM FOR THE JAERI AVF CYCLOTRON

A flat-top acceleration system for the JAERI AVF cyclotron has been designed. The fifth harmonic of the fundamental frequency is used to obtain uniform energy gain. To determine optimum parameters of the flat-top system, a cold model test was carried out and flat-top waveforms of the voltages were observed successfully in the whole range of the fundamental frequency. An rf power required for generating a flat-top dee voltage of 30 kV was estimated to be about 1 kW. The design of the flat-top cavity is being modified using the MAFIA code.

Transformation of the Transverse Beam Intensity Distribution by Sextupole Focusing in a Transport Line

We investigate the transformation of the transverse intensity distribution of a charged-particle beam focused by one or two sextupole magnets in a beam transport line. It is expected, from the equation of transverse motion, that the beam is deflected toward one direction and thus deformed due to the second-order force of the sextupole magnet. Such a sextupole-induced deformation of the beam distribution has been studied analytically in detail. The beam centroid displacement and the change of the beam size are determined using the first-order and second-order moments of the intensity distribution function. In order to verify the theoretical consideration, numerical simulations and experiments were performed at the cyclotron facility of Japan Atomic Energy Agency. We experimentally demonstrate that an ion beam with a uniform transverse distribution can be formed using two sextupole magnets.

A time pickup system for monitoring cyclotron beam bursts

We have developed a time pickup system for monitoring the beam bursts from a cyclotron. The time pickup can measure the phase and the width of the beam bursts by detecting secondary electrons emitted from a foil or a wire target inserted into the beam with time resolutions around 200 ps full width at half maximum in spite of its simple structure. By using the foil and the wire targets appropriately, monitoring the bursts of a variety of beams can be achieved. In addition, by adjusting the position of the target, a high enough detection rate of the beam burst is obtained with a minimum of interference with the beam. The present investigation shows that it is needed to adjust the collection voltage of the time pickup because the optimum collection voltages for high resolution measurement are in the range from −0.5 to −1.0 kV and those for high efficiency measurement are not less than −4.0 kV.

STATUS REPORT ON THE JAERI AVF CYCLOTRON SYSTEM

The AVF cyclotron system at JAERI Takasaki has been smoothly operated without serious troubles since the first beam extraction of 50 MeV 4He2+ in March 1991. A yearly operation time is about 3200 hours on an average for past several years. In the last three years, we performed some improvements and developments as follows: stabilization of the cyclotron beam, renewal of computers and basic programs for the control system, installation of a new ECR ion source and reconstruction of the rotary shutter. Furthermore, two series of M/Q=4 and M/Q=2 cocktail beams have been developed continuously. Now we are modifying the RF cavities for the flat-top acceleration by superimposing the fifth-harmonic frequency on the fundamental one.