Ikutaro Kumagai

Sustained-release properties of microencapsulated mitomycin C with ethylcellulose infused into the renal artery of the dog

Mitomycin C (MMC) was microencapsulated with ethylcellulose. The microcapsules contained, on average, 80% of biologically active MMC and had a sustained‐release property. The mean particle size was 224 μm so that the microcapsules were readily infused into a canine kidney through arterial catheterization. Ex vivo infusion demonstrated that the microcapsules lodged in the small arteries, mainly at the cortico‐medullary junction, and released concentrated MMC into the surrounding tissue. In vivo experiments revealed that the canine kidneys infused with the microcapsules retained active MMC for more than 6 hours and showed extensive necrosis five days after the infusion. The kidneys infused with nonencapsulated MMC rapidly excreted MMC and showed mild histologic changes. The blood level of MMC released from the intrarenal microcapsules was markedly reduced as compared with control levels. The results suggest that the potential therapeutic effect of intraarterial infusion of MMC microcapsules is a function of embolization and prolonged drug action, and that selective infusion of MMC microcapsules into tumor‐supplying arteries could facilitate intensive topical chemotherapy with minimum systemic side‐effects. Cancer 46:14–21, 1980.

Chemosensitivity of human bladder cancer cells in long-term culture and clinical responses to the selected anticancer drug

In vitro sensitivity of an established cell line from human urinary bladder cancer to various chemotherapeutic agents was determined by 14C‐leucine incorporation into the target cells. Of 12 drugs tested, Carboquone, Neocarzinostatin, Actinomycin D, Adriamycin, Mitomycin C and Chromomycin A3 produced intensive cytotoxic effects, while Thio‐Tepa, Bleomycin, 5‐Fluorouracil and Vincristine were less cytotoxic. Intravesical instillation of Carboquone, one of the most toxic agents in vitro, resulted in complete or partial tumor remission in 6 of 9 patients with bladder cancer. Prophylactic effects of periodic intravesical Carboquone were also indicated in 7 of 8 patients who had experienced recurring superficial bladder tumors.

A Case of Incomplete Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type 1) Associated with Medullary Sponge Kidney Followed By Nephrocalcinosis

A case is reported of incomplete renal tubular acidosis (type 1) associated with medullary sponge kidney followed by nephrocalcinosis. Although several cases of classic renal tubular acidosis associated with medullary sponge kidney have been documented a case of incomplete renal tubular acidosis associated with medullary sponge kidney seems to be rare. We recommend examination for incomplete renal tubular acidosis in patients with medullary sponge kidney and nephrocalcinosis without systemic acidosis.